History and Fundamentals of Nursing Theory

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the history of nursing, major nursing theories (Nightingale, Watson, Benner, Eriksson), and the development of nursing profession in the Philippines.

Theory

Aims to describe or explain a concept.

Foundation

The base or baseline of a concept.

Curriculum Era

Addressed the question of what content nurses should study to learn how to be a nurse and saw the emergence of nursing moving into colleges and universities.

Theory Era

A natural outgrowth of the research and graduate education eras.

Intuitive Period

The period where nursing was based on instinct and caring for the sick was considered nursing regardless of formal training; often associated with shamans or witch doctors.

Trepanning

A prehistoric medical process of cutting a hole in the head of the afflicted to let out evil spirits.

Walter Freeman

Developed the ice pick lobotomy in 1945 and performed between 3,500 and 5,000 procedures himself.

Diagnostic Handbook

Introduced in Mesopotamia to provide methods of therapy and cause.

Prophylaxis

The prevention of diseases.

Asipu

A medical authority or exorcist healer in early civilizations like Mesopotamia.

Edwin Smith Papyrus

An ancient textbook on surgery from Egypt, dating as early as 3000 BC, which is almost completely devoid of magical thinking.

Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus

An ancient Egyptian text that treats women's complaints, including problems with conception.

Peseshet

The earliest known woman physician.

Ayurveda

The medical system of India meaning "complete knowledge for long life" with 8 branches.

Huangdi Neijing

The foundational text of Chinese medicine written between the 5th and 3rd century BC; the basis of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion.

Apprentice Period

The start of the development of nursing where training was performed without formal education but included on-the-job training, often within religious orders.

Knights of St. John of Jerusalem

Also known as Knight Hospitalers, an Italian military religious order that founded hospitals.

Knights of St. Lazarus

A military religious order founded primarily for the nursing care of lepers in Jerusalem.

Alexian Brothers

Established the Alexian Brothers Hospital School of Nursing, the largest school of nursing under a religious order for men only in the USA.

St. Elizabeth of Hungary

Known as the Patroness of Nurses and was the daughter of a Hungarian king.

St. Catherine of Siena

Referred to as the 1st lady with the lamp; a hospital nurse, prophetess, and researcher.

Dark Period of Nursing

The period from the 17th to the 19th Century due to the Reformation, where hospitals were closed and nursing was performed by uneducated, least-desirable people.

Theodore Fliedner

Reconstituted the deaconesses and later established a school of nursing.

Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing

Established in 1906, it was the first hospital in the Philippines to train Filipino nurses.

Florence Nightingale

The Mother of Modern Nursing and the lady with the lamp; born May 12, 1820, and famous for work during the Crimean War.

Triage

A strategy of segregating patients to determine who to cure first and who can wait for a specific period of time.

Julita V. Sotejo

The person whose thesis served as the basis for the Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree (1945-1951) and who served as the first dean of UP Manila College of Nursing.

University of Santo Tomas - College of Nursing

The first college of nursing in the Philippines established in 1946.

Epistemology

A branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge and how it is developed.

Rationalism

An epistemology that emphasizes a priori reasoning and deductive reasoning as the method for advancing knowledge; uses the theory-then-research strategy.

Empiricism

The idea that scientific knowledge is derived only from sensory experience (inductive reasoning) using the research-then-theory strategy.

Metaparadigm

The first and most global component of the structural hierarchy of knowledge, consisting of Person, Environment, Health, and Nursing.

Person (Metaparadigm)

The recipient of nursing care, including individuals, families, groups, and communities.

Grand Theory

Theories that are broad in scope and less abstract than conceptual models but not as concrete as middle-range theories.

Middle Range Theory

Theories that are narrower in scope, concrete, and address specific phenomena by describing, explaining, or predicting outcomes.

Empirical Indicators

Concrete real-world proxies, such as research instruments or clinical tools, used to observe or measure concepts in middle-range theories.

Practice Theory

Theory development based on the life/work experience and professional practice of the theorist.

Generality

Speaks to the scope of application and the purpose within a theory.

Accessibility

The ability of a theory to be tested through identifying empirical indicators.

Environmental Theory

Florence Nightingale's theory that health is linked to 5 factors: pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light.

Transpersonal Caring Theory

Jean Watson's theory emphasizing that human caring is the center of nursing, utilizing 10 Carative Factors/Processes.

Equanimity

Being calm and composed amidst difficult situations.

Self-Actualization

Having a deeper understanding of who you are as a person and recognizing boundaries and limitations.

Novice to Expert Theory

Patricia Benner's concept describing the 5 stages of skill acquisition: Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert.

Novice (Benner)

Stage 1 where the person has no background experience and has difficulty discerning relevant from irrelevant aspects of a situation.

Competent (Benner)

The stage where a nurse is conscious and deliberate in planning, and begins to recognize patterns and prioritize care.

Expert (Benner)

The stage where a nurse has an intuitive grasp of situations and no longer relies on analytical rules or guidelines.

Theory of Carative Caring

Developed by Katie Eriksson, distinguishing between caring ethics (the patient-nurse relation) and nursing ethics (rules/principles).

Caritas

The fundamental motive of caring science, characterized by love and charity.

Suffering (Eriksson)

An ontological concept described as a struggle between good and evil; includes suffering related to illness, care, and life.