Lesson 21 - Radiograph of forelimb SA

Where will the smooth outer surface of cortical bone become rough?

point of muscle and tendon insertion

What part of the bone is not covered by periosteum?

where there is articular cartilage

What is the periosteum?

outer vascular connective tissue layer which is attached to the underlying cortex

What is the opacity of the periosteum?

soft tissue opacity

What is the inner surface of the cortex covered by?

endosteum

What lies between the periosteum and the endosteum?

cortical bone

What part of bone is denser?

compact cortical bone

What part of bone has a fine mineralized trabecular pattern?

spongy bone

What percent of normal bone is mineralized?

50-70%

What is a characteristic of bone that undergoes higher stress?

thicker the cortices

What are the views for radiographing the scapula?

medio-lateral, caudo-cranial views

What are the views for radiographing the shoulder?

medio-lateral, skyline, caudo-cranial views

What is the skyline view for the shoulder used for?

view the bicipital groove

What are the views for the humerus?

medio-lateral, caudo-cranial, cranio-caudal view

What is the position for a cranio-caudal view of the humerus?

dorsal recumbent position with foreleg extended caudally

What are the views for the elbow?

medio-lateral partial and full flexion, cranio-caudal view

What is the position for a cranio-caudal view of the elbow?

sternal recumbency with forelegs extended cranially

What is the full flexion medio-lateral view of the elbow used for?

access the anconeal process

What are the views for the antebrachium?

medio-lateral, cranio-caudal view

What are the views for the carpus and digits?

medio-lateral normal and flexed and splayed, dorso-palmar

How to tell the difference between a cat and dog humerus?

dog has more curved humerus than cats

How to tell the difference between the cat and dog elbow?

cat olecranon process is more rectangular

On a humerus medio-lateral view, what epicondyle is more proximal?

lateral

On a humerus medio-lateral view, what epicondyle is more distal?

medial

What is the radiolucency like for the radius?

generalized radiolucency throughout the medullary cavity

What is the radiolucency like for the ulna?

medullary cavity has a slight increase in opacity at its proximal extremity

What are the limbs like for chondrodystrophic breeds?

short with marked craniolateral bowing and curvature, short and wide diaphysis and proximally form large flared elongated articulations

What does the medial epicondyle form?

projects caudally forming a right-angled protuberance just proximal to elbow joint

What animals have the supratrochlear foramen?

dogs

What animals have the supracondylar foramen?

cats

What does the growth plate of immature animals appear as?

radiolucent band

What does the growth plate of mature animals appear as?

radioopaque line

What view is this?

Medio-lateral view

What view is this?

Caudo-cranial view

What view is this?

Medio-lateral view

What view is this?

Medio-lateral view

What view is this?

Skyline view

What view is this?

Caudo-cranial view

What view is this?

Cranio-caudal view

What view is this?

Medio-lateral partial flexion

What view is this?

Medio-lateral full flexion

What view is this?

Cranio-caudal view

What view is this?

Medio-lateral view

What view is this?

Cranio-caudal view

What view is this?

Medio-lateral view

What view is this?

Dorso-palmar view

What is number 6?

Proximal phalanges

What is number 2?

Supraspinous fossa

What is number 3?

Infraspinous fossa

What is number 4?

Acromion

What is number 5?

Supraglenoid cavity

What is number 6?

Glenoid cavity

What is number 7?

Infraglenoid tuberosity

What is number 2?

Acromion

What is number 3?

Supraglenoid tubercle

What is number 5?

Greater tubercle

What is number 6?

Head

What is number 7?

Lesser tubercle

What is number 8?

Intertubercular groove

What is C?

Clavicle

What is number 8?

Head

What is number 9?

Neck

What is number 10?

Lesser tubercle

What is number 11?

Intertubercular groove

What is number 12?

Greater tubercle

What is number 13?

Crest of the lesser tubercle

What is number 14?

Tricipital line

What is number 15?

Deltoid tuberosity

What is number 7?

Infraglenoid tuberosity

What is number 7?

Tricipital line

What is number 8?

Deltoid tuberosity

What is number 13?

Supratrochlear foramen?

What is number 10?

Supratrochlear foramen

What is number 9?

Lateral epicondyle

What is number 8?

Medial epicondyle

What is number 6?

Condyle - capitulum

What is number 7?

Condyle - trochlea

What is in the red circle?

Tricipital line

What is in the yellow circle?

Deltoid tuberosity

What is in the green circle?

Teres major attachment

What is the purple arrow pointing to?

Greater tubercle

What is the orange arrow pointing to?

Intertubercular groove

What is number 1?

Condyles

What is number 2?

Epicondyles

What is number 6?

Medial coronoid process

What is number 7?

Anconeal process

What is number 8?

Olecranon process

What bone is outlines in blue/purple?

Radius

What is number 1?

Condyles

What is number 2?

Epicondyles

What is number 4?

Head

What is number 6?

Medial coronoid process

What is number 7?

Olecranon

What is number 2?

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

What is number 3?

Ulnar diaphysis

What is number 4?

Distal metaphysis of ulna

What is number 5?

Distal epiphysis of ulna

What is number 6?

Antebrachio-carpal joint

What is number 7?

Distal epiphysis of radius

What is number 8?

Distal physis of radius