Cell functions

Passive transport

molecules move through plasma membrane without cell using energy

active transport

molecules move from low concentration to high concentration using specialized channels/carriers in cell membrane by using energy

Transport vesicles

used to transport substances to and from plasma membrane using energy (form of active transport)

Osmosis

diffusion of water across cell’s plasma membrane

Isotonic solution

normal blood, intake and output of water is balanced and cell functions correctly

hypotonic solution

greater concentration of water outside cell than inside (can swell up and may burst)

Hypertonic solution

greater concentration of water inside cell than outside of it (as water flows out it shrinks)

Cellular respiration

series of processes that take place to break down glucose to make ATP

Protein Synthesis

DNA information in nucleus is used to produce proteins

Transcription

DNA information is encoded or transcribed into RNA

Translation

formation of a linear chain of amino acids using transcribed information provided by mRNA

Codon

3 base sequence in mRNA that codes for specific amino acid in protein

Glycolysis

breaks down 6 carbon glucose molecules to produce 3 carbon pyretic acid molecules and 2 ATP

Citric acid cycle

two or more ATP create and CO2 is released as waste

Electron Transport Chain

most ATP molecules are created, up to 38 from one glucose molecule