Stems

opposite leaf arrangement

2 leaves per node

alternate leaf arrangement

1 leaf per node

whorled leaf arrangement

3+ leaves per node

Petiole

stem of leaf

blade

leaf part of leaf

axil

leaf angle

axillary buds

bud attached to leaf node

bud scales

protective shell of axillary buds

terminal bud

axillary bud on the end of stick

internode

space between nodes

leaf scars

nodes where leaf fell off

Deciduous

loses all leaves in 1 season

evergreen

loses some leaves all season

pith

middle space of ground meristem

apical meristem

lengthening

leaf primordia

immature leaf

cortex

space outside leaf trace of ground meristem

Leaf trace

vascular tissue that branches into a leaf

Leaf gap

area in axil that lacks vascular tissue

xylem

goes to center of stem

phloem

goes to outer areas of stem

woody dicot stem spring

vessel elements (big) created more often

woody dicot stem summer

tracheids (small) made more often

annual growth ring

spring + summer growth

Tylosis

resinous, fills old xylem to prevent use

heartwood

doesn’t function

springwood

functions