For ________, the extra energy required to form the doubly charged ions is greater than the gain in lattice energy that would result.
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Lone
________ pairs require more room than bonding pairs and tend to compress the angles between the bonding pairs.
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donors
BeCl2 has only four electrons around Be and is expected to be very reactive with electron-pair ________.
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covalent bond
When two nonmetals react to form a(n) ________, they share electrons in a way that completes the valence electron configurations of both atoms.
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Coulomb's
________ law also can be used to calculate the repulsive energy when two like- charged ions are brought together.
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electro negativities
The greater is the difference in the ________ of the atom.
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equal triangular
A tetrahedron has four ________ faces.
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Electronegativity
________: The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself.
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transition metals
The ________ exhibit more complicated behavior, forming a variety of ions.
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Atoms
________ sometimes share two pairs of electrons, forming a double bond, or share three pairs of electrons, forming a triple bond.
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stable compounds
Atoms in ________ usually have a noble gas electron configuration.
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Lewis
________ structures show only valence electrons.
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multiple bonds
In counting pairs, count each ________ as a single effective pair.
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infinite separation
The zero point of energy is defined with the atoms at ________.
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Bonds
________ are neither inherently "good" nor inherently "bad" as far as nature is concerned.
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Chemical bonds
________ can be viewed as forces that cause a group of atoms to behave as a unit.
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LE Model
________ has three parts: Description of the valence electron arrangement in the molecule using Lewis structures.
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bond polarity
Because ________ has important chemical implications, we find it useful to quantify the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons.
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valence electrons
The ________ belong to the molecule, rather than to the individual atoms.
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Resonance
________ is invoked when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a particular molecule.
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identical atoms
For ________ (an electronegativity difference of zero), the electrons in the bond are shared equally, and no polarity develops.
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principle of nature
There is no ________ that states that bonds are favored or disfavored.
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Lewis structures
The charge on an atom in a molecule, the formal charge, can be used to evaluate ________.
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Ionic
________ and covalent bonds are the extreme bond types.
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Boron
________ tends to form compounds in which the ________ atom has fewer than eight electrons around it- it does not have a complete octet.
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ionic substance
When two atoms with very different electronegativities interact, electron transfer can occur to form the ions that make up a(n) ________ 8.3 Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments.
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polar bond
Any diatomic (two- atom) molecule that has a(n) ________ also will show a molecular dipole moment.
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octet rule
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine always obey the ________ in stable molecules 8.11 Exceptions to the ________.
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Electronegativity
________ generally increases going from left to right across a period and decreases going down a group for the representative elements.
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Bonds
________ provide a method for dividing up the energy evolved when a stable molecule is formed from its component atoms.
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Lewis structures
The rules for writing ________ are based on observations of thousands of molecules.
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Bonds
________ occur when collections of atoms are more stable (lower in energy) than the separate atoms.
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