Chapter 8 - Bonding: General Concepts

sodium fluoride

For ________, the extra energy required to form the doubly charged ions is greater than the gain in lattice energy that would result.

Lone

________ pairs require more room than bonding pairs and tend to compress the angles between the bonding pairs.

donors

BeCl2 has only four electrons around Be and is expected to be very reactive with electron-pair ________.

covalent bond

When two nonmetals react to form a(n) ________, they share electrons in a way that completes the valence electron configurations of both atoms.

Coulomb's

________ law also can be used to calculate the repulsive energy when two like- charged ions are brought together.

electro negativities

The greater is the difference in the ________ of the atom.

equal triangular

A tetrahedron has four ________ faces.

Electronegativity

________: The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself.

transition metals

The ________ exhibit more complicated behavior, forming a variety of ions.

Atoms

________ sometimes share two pairs of electrons, forming a double bond, or share three pairs of electrons, forming a triple bond.

stable compounds

Atoms in ________ usually have a noble gas electron configuration.

Lewis

________ structures show only valence electrons.

multiple bonds

In counting pairs, count each ________ as a single effective pair.

infinite separation

The zero point of energy is defined with the atoms at ________.

Bonds

________ are neither inherently "good" nor inherently "bad" as far as nature is concerned.

Chemical bonds

________ can be viewed as forces that cause a group of atoms to behave as a unit.

LE Model

________ has three parts: Description of the valence electron arrangement in the molecule using Lewis structures.

bond polarity

Because ________ has important chemical implications, we find it useful to quantify the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons.

valence electrons

The ________ belong to the molecule, rather than to the individual atoms.

Resonance

________ is invoked when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a particular molecule.

identical atoms

For ________ (an electronegativity difference of zero), the electrons in the bond are shared equally, and no polarity develops.

principle of nature

There is no ________ that states that bonds are favored or disfavored.

Lewis structures

The charge on an atom in a molecule, the formal charge, can be used to evaluate ________.

Ionic

________ and covalent bonds are the extreme bond types.

Boron

________ tends to form compounds in which the ________ atom has fewer than eight electrons around it- it does not have a complete octet.

ionic substance

When two atoms with very different electronegativities interact, electron transfer can occur to form the ions that make up a(n) ________ 8.3 Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments.

polar bond

Any diatomic (two- atom) molecule that has a(n) ________ also will show a molecular dipole moment.

octet rule

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine always obey the ________ in stable molecules 8.11 Exceptions to the ________.

Electronegativity

________ generally increases going from left to right across a period and decreases going down a group for the representative elements.

Bonds

________ provide a method for dividing up the energy evolved when a stable molecule is formed from its component atoms.

Lewis structures

The rules for writing ________ are based on observations of thousands of molecules.

Bonds

________ occur when collections of atoms are more stable (lower in energy) than the separate atoms.