Ch. 11, 12, 14

When naming ethers:

Name the substituents in alphabetical order

What are carbonyl groups?

aldehydes (-CHO) and ketones (C=O)

Where are aldehydes found?

always on the end of the Carbon chain

How to name aldehydes

the e in the alkane name is changed to al

How to name ketones

the e in the alkane name is changed to one

Classify as an aldehyde or ketone.

Give the IUPAC name.

aldehyde; benzaldehyde

Primary alcohols are oxidized to produce

aldehydes (-CHO)

Aldehydes can further oxidize to produce a

carboxylic acid (-COOH)

Secondary alcohols are oxidized to produce

ketones (-C=O)

Do Tertiary alcohols oxidize?

no

Are carboxylic acids polar or nonpolar?

polar

Is a carbonyl (C=O, aldehyde) polar or nonpolar?

polar

Is hydroxyl (-OH) polar or nonpolar?

polar

Rank the functional group from highest polarity & boiling point to lowest:

carboxylic acids

highest

Rank the functional group from highest polarity & boiling point to lowest:

alcohols

middle

Rank the functional group from highest polarity & boiling point to lowest:

ketones/aldehydes

lowest