Are plant-based substitutes healthier than meat?

welfare (n) /ˈwel.feər/

Help given to people who need it, or the health and happiness of people/animals.

• Collocations: animal welfare, social welfare

• IELTS EX: Governments should invest more in animal welfare to reduce cruelty in farming.

plant-based alternatives (n) /ˈplɑːnt beɪst ɔːlˈtɜː.nə.tɪvz/

Food products made only from plants and used instead of meat or dairy.

• Collocations: plant-based diet, plant-based meat

• IELTS EX: A growing number of people are turning to plant-based alternatives for health and environmental reasons.

soy (n) /sɔɪ/

A protein-rich food from soybeans used in many vegetarian dishes.

• Collocations: soy milk, soy protein

• IELTS EX: Soy products are often recommended for people on a vegetarian or vegan diet.

fungi (n) /ˈfʌn.dʒaɪ/ (fungus-số nhiều)

A group of living organisms, including mushrooms and moulds.

• Collocations: edible fungi, fungi growth

• IELTS EX: Some meat alternatives are made using fungi, such as mycoprotein.

nuts (n) /nʌts/

Small hard-shelled fruits, often high in fat and protein.

• Collocations: tree nuts, nut allergy

• IELTS EX: Nuts are both nutritious and convenient as snacks or ingredients.

covered in (phrase)

Having something over the surface.

• IELTS EX: I enjoy plant-based burgers, especially when they are covered in spicy sauce.

diabetes (n) /ˌdaɪ.əˈbiː.tiːz/

A medical condition where the body cannot control blood sugar levels.

• Collocations: type 2 diabetes, diabetes treatment

• IELTS EX: A high intake of processed meat is linked to diseases such as diabetes.

full of additives (phrase)

Containing many artificial substances used to improve food.

• IELTS EX: Many packaged foods are full of additives that can harm long-term health.

processed meat (n)

Meat that has been preserved by smoking, curing, or adding chemicals.

• IELTS EX: Processed meat is considered a major contributor to heart disease and cancer.

episode (n) /ˈep.ɪ.səʊd/

A single broadcast of a series on TV, radio, or podcast.

• IELTS EX: I listened to an interesting episode about food sustainability.

otherwise (adv) /ˈʌð.ə.waɪz/

In a different way or situation; if not.

• Collocations: unless otherwise stated

• IELTS EX: You should eat more vegetables, otherwise your health may suffer.

broken down (phrasal v)

Separated into smaller parts.

• Collocations: proteins broken down

• IELTS EX: Protein is broken down during digestion to be absorbed by the body.

reproduce the taste (v)

To copy or imitate the flavor of something.

• IELTS EX: Plant-based meat tries to reproduce the taste and texture of real meat.

texture of meat (n)

The physical feel or consistency of meat.

• IELTS EX: The texture of meat is difficult to imitate in vegetarian dishes.

fungi-based protein (n)

Protein derived from fungus.

• IELTS EX: Fungi-based protein is a sustainable alternative to animal protein.

the fermentation of yoghurt and bread (n)

The natural chemical process to make foods like yogurt and bread. • IELTS EX: Fermentation plays a key role in producing nutritious foods.

initial feeling (n)

The first emotional or instinctive reaction.

• IELTS EX: My initial feeling was that plant-based meat would taste strange.

instinct (n) /ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/

A natural feeling that helps you decide what to do without thinking.

• Collocations: gut instinct, human instinct

• IELTS EX: Trusting your instinct can sometimes lead to better decisions.

as long as (conj)

Only if; provided that.

• IELTS EX: I will adopt a vegetarian diet as long as I can still get enough protein.

indicate (v) /ˈɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

To show, point out, or suggest something clearly.

• Collocations: indicate a trend, indicate a preference

• IELTS EX: The survey results indicate that more young people prefer plant-based diets.

gut reaction (n)

your opinion about something, based on instinctive feelings, not logic or reason

• IELTS EX: My gut reaction was that plant-based meat wouldn't taste good.

persuaded (adj)

Having been convinced to do something.

• Collocations: easily persuaded, persuaded to switch

• IELTS EX: Many consumers are persuaded to try plant-based products due to health concerns.

in terms of (phrase)

Used to specify the aspect being discussed.

• IELTS EX: In terms of sustainability, plant-based foods are more efficient than meat.

appearance (n) /əˈpɪə.rəns/

The way something looks or seems.

• Collocations: physical appearance

• IELTS EX: Appearance plays a key role in making plant-based food attractive.

revealed (v) /rɪˈviːld/

Made known or shown something.

• IELTS EX: The study revealed that most people couldn't tell the difference in taste.

gravy (n) /ˈɡreɪ.vi/

A sauce made from meat juices, often served with roast meat.

• Collocations: thick gravy

• IELTS EX: In the UK, sausages are often eaten with mashed potatoes and gravy.

recap (v) /ˈriː.kæp/

To repeat the main points of something.

• Collocations: quick recap

• IELTS EX: Let me recap the key differences between meat and plant-based protein.

banger (n) /ˈbæŋ.ɡər/

a word which is slang for sausage

• IELTS EX: Bangers and mash is a traditional British dish.

as far as I am concerned (phrase)

used to give your personal opinion about something.

• IELTS EX: As far as I am concerned, plant-based products are a better choice.

resemble (v) /rɪˈzem.bəl/

To look like or be similar to something.

• Collocations: resemble real meat

• IELTS EX: This veggie burger closely resembles the taste of beef.

veggie (n) /ˈvedʒ.i/

A person who does not eat meat (informal).

• IELTS EX: Many young people become veggies to protect the environment.

long-time (adj) /ˌlɒŋˈtaɪm/

describes someone who has been or done a particular thing for many years

• Collocations: long-time supporter

• IELTS EX: My uncle is a long-time veggie and promotes a meat-free lifestyle.

indicate (v) /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪt/