gen chem I chapter 1 and 2

what are physical properties?

characteristics of matter that can be changed without changing it’s composition (ex. color, melting point)

what are chemical properties?

characteristics that determine how composition of matter changes as a result of contact w/ other matter or the influence of energy (flammability, reactivity, acidity)

what is accuracy?

refers to how close the measured value is to the actual value

what is precision?

refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another

what is atomic number?

Z, number of protons

what is mass number?

A, number of protons + number of neutrons

what is the type of atom that determins the element?

protons

what are cations?

positively charged ions (ex. metal elements - Na+)

what are anions?

negatively charged ions (nonmental elements - F-)

what are extensive properties?

properties that depend on the amount of matter (ex. mass, volume, energy)

what are intensive properties?

properties that depend only on the type of matter in a sample and not the amount (ex. color, temperature)

what are ways to determine if a chemical reaction has happened?

evolution of gas, change in color, heat loss/gain, emission of light

what is filtration?

a process in which the mixture is poured through filter paper in a funnel

what is decanting?

carefully pouring off water into another (when there is a mixture like sand and water)

what are examples of physical changes?

boiling/condensing, melting/freezing, sublimingwh

what are examples of chemical changes?

rusting/burning/dyes fading or changing color

what is the law of conservation of mass?

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed

what is the law of definite proportions?

all samples of a given compound, regardless of their source, have the same proportions of their constituent elements

what is the law of multiple proportions?

states that a given chemical compound contains its constituent elements in a fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source or method of preparation

what are binary acids?

a hydrogen and a nonmetal

how do you name binary acids?

add hydro prefix, base name of nonmetal, then add ‘ic’, and then add “acid”

how do you name oxyacids?

if polyatomic ion ends in -ate, change to -ic

if polyatomic ion ends in -ite, change to -ous

write acid at the end

what are oxyacids?

contain hydrogen and have a polyatomic ion with oxygen in it

what are binary molecular compounds?

molecular compounds are composed of two or more compounds

how do you name binary molecular compounds?

prefix, name of 1st element, prefix, base name of 2nd element -ide