maternal physiological adaptations to pregnancy

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25 Terms

1

summarise pregnancy hormones

  • placental prolactin

  • placental lactogens

  • corticotropin releasing hormone

  • aldosterone

  • erythropoietin

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2

summarise anatomical changes during pregnancy

  • uterine enlargement

  • hypertrophy of uterine musculature

  • diaphragm displace cranially by gravid uterus

  • apex of heart moved to anterior and to left

  • left ventricular hypertrophy

  • changes in calcium conc

  • weight gain

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3

how does pregnancy affect blood volume

increased blood volume→ 40 % by full term

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4

how does pregnancy affect red cell mass

increases linearly→ 30%

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5

how does pregnancy affect haematocrit and haemoglobin? what’s an advantage of this

decrease in both

→ plasma volume increases more than cell mass

  • decreased viscosity leads to reduced resistance in flow= better placental perfusion

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6

mechanism of hormonal stimulation in pregnancy in CVS

  • stimulation of RAAS

  • aldosterone= sodium ion and water retention= increased plasma volume

  • increased renal erythropoietin = increases red cell mass

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7

what supplement will restore Hb levels in pregnancy

  • iron and folic acid

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8

how is peripheral vascular resistance affected in pregnancy

reduced by 40% in mid-pregnancy→ increases after to full term

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9

how does pregnancy affect cardiac output

  • increased blood volume- more blood enters heart

  • decreased peripheral resistance= reduced afterload

  • increases stroke volume= increased maternal heart rate= increased cardiac output (CO= SV x HR)

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10

describe aortocaval compression during pregnancy

  • enlarged uterus= IVC and abdominal aorta compressed

  • compression of IVC= decreased venous return to heart= decreased BP

  • compression of aorta= reduced uteroplacental and renal blood flow

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