Communication Ch 7

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45 Terms

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feature films
longer story films, usually over 1 1/2 hours
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major film studios
like Fox or Disney integrate all aspects of production and distribution
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star system
the film studios’ use of stars’ popularity to promote their movies
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motion picture code
1930 (Hay Code) was a self-regulation of sex on screen by the motion picture industry
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talkies
motion pictures with synchronized sound for dialogue
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film noir
comprised the “dark” moody American films of the 1940s; often focused on detectives or similar themes
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studio system
in Hollywood emphasized key stars as a way to promote studio films
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B movies
cheaply and quickly made genre films
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vertical integration
when a company with the same owner handles different aspects of a business (within the same industry), such as film production and distribution
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theatrical films
films released for distribution in movie theaters
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Gross
the total box office revenue before expenses are deducted
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concentration of ownership
integration of many aspect of media into 1 company creates concerns about political control and loss of diversity
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first-run distribution
film production made specifically for movie theaters

* most films target 15 to 24 year olds
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independent (indie) film
refers to films not made by the major studios
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rear-projection
effects have images projected behind performers who are in the foreground
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front projection
lets actors be photographed in front of an image so that they appear as part of it
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compositing
merging several layers of images that were shot separately
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mattes
background paintings or photographs that are combined with performers in the foreground
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postproduction
includes editing, sound effects, and visual effects that are added after shooting the original footage
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nonlinear editing
uses digital equipment to rearrange scenes to make the master copy
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digital video
is recorded, edited, and often transmitted in digital form as used by computers
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conglomerates
big businesses or corporations that own seemingly unrelated holdings. They are made up of diverse parts from across several media industries and are involved in multiple areas of business activity
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windows
separate film release times for different channels or media
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MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America)
a trade organization that represents the major film studios
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MPAA ratings
part of a movie rating system instituted in 1968
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Who invented most of the major components of the camera?
Thomas Edison
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Who(s) discovered the principle of projecting light through transparent filmstrips?
The Lumière brothers
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In the classic 1933 King Kong, what was developed from mechanical models?
special effects
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Film has been improved by increasing the number of frames or images per second, making the image wider, and adding _____
color
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Studios rose on the basis of this ____ system, using the starsí popularity to promote their movies
star
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The _____ system consisted of production companies that employed the complete set of facilities and people required to makes and distribute movies.
studio
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Main Hollywood studios were United Artists, Paramount, MGM, Fox Warner Brothers, Universal, Columbia, and ____.
RKO
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The major film producers are the old time studios …
Columbia, Fox, MGM, Paramount, Universal and Warner Brothers
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_______ film companies work alone or with majors
Independent
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_____ independent filmmakers or “indies” usually produce fewer films and for much less money that the majors - often a few million dollars.
Individual
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____ films are still primarily distributed by the majors
Indie
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Who is D. W. Griffith and what controversial thing did he do?
* film director
* controversial drama “Birth of a Nation”
* outdoor battle scenes, close-ups, and cuts
* featured anti-Black Ku Klux Klan members as its heroes
* used by the Klan as a recruiting film
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The Jazz Singer in 1927?
* started the talking pictures
* acting became less overstated and stylized
* actors’ voice
* sound effects and music
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What are the basic current genres in film?
* comedy
* drama
* action
* horror
* science fiction
* classic
* family
* western
* animation
* foreign
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As small theaters closed all over America in the 1950s, the film industry began to realize that it couldn’t ____ television
beat
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Independent producers gained more of a role in producing movies, and film studios began to spend much time producing TV _____.
series
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Increase in movies with explicit language, sex, and violence in the 1960s. What did the MPAA instituted?
A ratings system to give people an idea of what they might encounter in a film
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Some critics argue that as a form of industry self-censhorship, ratings violate freedom of ____ for filmmakers
speech
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Others argue that the ratings system draw the interest of _____ views.
younger
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The restrictions on teenage viewing of films rated R and NC-17 are often not enforced by theaters, because teens are the ____ moviegoers.
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