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Mesopotamia
The land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers created the first map, wheel, etc
Sumerian
City states- walled cities/ defense towers 30k people living there
Ziggurats
Flat top pyramids
Akkadian Empire
1st empire/ adopts and spreads customs/ cultures
Sargon
Creater of Akkadian Empire, Very first great leader
Hammurabi
Sets up a new capital in Babylon/ Creates the first law code an eye for an eye/ male dominated
Polytheism
Belief in many gods
Cuneiform
Wedge shaped writing created by Mesopotamia
Epic of Gilgamesh
Utnapishtim original flood story (Book)
Utnapishtim
Only family to survive the flood/ similar to Noah's Ark
Hitties Empire
War like, first people to use iron for military reasons. First to domesticate horses/ Chariot Warfare
Ancient Egypt
Nile River
Longest River in the world
Sun Gods
Amon and Ra
Land Gods
Osiris (god of nile and agriculture)
Earth god
Isis who is the mother of fertility
Pharoohs
Ruler and God's on Earth who had all power
Ankh
Represents birth and fertility
Ma'at
Law code, idea of Ideal of order, justice and truth
Queen Hatshepsut
A queen of age, prosperity, peace who was a good leader (dressed like a man)
Akhenaten
Changes religion to worship a sun-disk
Tutankhamen
Son of Akhenaton. Restored traditional religion. Would not be so well known if it hadn't been for the fact his tomb was discovered in the 1920s and the treasure was largely intact.
Ramses II
Pharaoh and great builder of Egypt (takes empire to largest size in history)
Treaty of Kadesh
1st written treaty (peace treaty)
Hieroglyphics
An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds
Papyrus
A form of paper
Israelites
semitic-speaking people that influenced other religions with theirs of Judaism
Abraham
Father of monotheism/ central figure in Judaism
King Solomon
Unifies Jewish people/ Jerusalem capital/ built the 1st temple after is death the Jews split up
Capital of kingdom of israel
Samaria
Capital of Kingdom of Judah
Jurusalem
What did Assyrians do
gain control of israel, sold slavery and dispersed
Chaldeans
Conqured judah and destroyed jurusalem
Ancient India
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
major urban cities of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern.
Indo-European ruled by prince Raja
adopted a Dravidian agricultural life improved w/iron followed Dharma- standards of behavior
San- Skirt
the first written language of India
Mauryan Empire
He unifies Indian people by defeating the Greeks capital city named Patna/ Arthashastra which is a book
Chandragupta Maurya
founded Mauryan Empire
Sati
The ancient Indian practice of ritual meaning when the husband dies the wife must take her life.
Caste System
Brahmin- Highest social group
Kshatriya- warrior/ruling class
Vaishya- farmers/merchants
Shudra- the labors
Pariah- did the jobs no one else wanted to do
Jati
kindships group of families in a caste living in a specific location
Hinduism- a blend of Aryan and Dravidian culture
vedas- scared texts
Samsara- reincarnation- karma
Brahmin- The creator
Vishnu- The preserver
Shiva- The destroyer of evil
Jainism founded by Mahavira
Ahisma- all living things had a soul
5 vows of Jainism: non-violence, truthful, non-stealing, Chasity, no possessions
Didnt like concept of reincarnation
Buddhism founded by Siddhartha Gautama
Moksha- ending the way of life
4 noble truths- Life is suffering, suffering is caused by desire, to end suffering is the end desire, to end desire is the follow the middle path
Ashoka- Greatest ruler in Ancient India at the battle of Kalinga he become Buddhist
Books in Ancient India
Rig Veda
Maha Bharata (war ethics legends of Gods
Kama Shura (pleasures of life)
Ramayana (hero)
Stupai
Places of worship
Ancient China
yellow river- 4th
Yangtze River- 3rd
Xia Dynasty Founded by Yu the Great
capital city Erlitou
Shang Dynasty capital Anyang
overthrows Xia Dynasty, traded w/ Indo European/ writing tied with symbol not sound
Zhou Dynasty
effective Bureaucracy
Built roads/ canals
Mandate of Heaven- God gives you a ruler that is compassionate, earned the right to rule, was a gift but could be taken away
Filial Piety
Family is more important than individual
Mencius (follower of Confucius) social order and harmony
Humans are born good not evil, and society is what makes them evil/ education was the answer not punishment
Legalism
philosophy that supported torture and death as a punishment for criticizing the government born evil not good
Daoism founded by Laozi
Meant the way (creator force in all life
Wuwei- let nature takes its course
Qin Dynasty founded by Qin Shi Huang
Believed in legalism, he burned books and killed scholars.
Created a uniform system
Started The Great Wall of China
Terra Cotta Army- a field of statues that guarded his tomb once he died
Han Dynasty founded by Gaozu
Created civil service exams for jobs
invented paper/ herbal medicine, wheelbarrows, watermills, silk roads and built middle classes
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