History Test 1

Mesopotamia

The land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers created the first map, wheel, etc

Sumerian

City states- walled cities/ defense towers 30k people living there

Ziggurats

Flat top pyramids

Akkadian Empire

1st empire/ adopts and spreads customs/ cultures

Sargon

Creater of Akkadian Empire, Very first great leader

Hammurabi

Sets up a new capital in Babylon/ Creates the first law code an eye for an eye/ male dominated

Polytheism

Belief in many gods

Cuneiform

Wedge shaped writing created by Mesopotamia

Epic of Gilgamesh

Utnapishtim original flood story (Book)

Utnapishtim

Only family to survive the flood/ similar to Noah's Ark

Hitties Empire

War like, first people to use iron for military reasons. First to domesticate horses/ Chariot Warfare

Ancient Egypt

Nile River

Longest River in the world

Sun Gods

Amon and Ra

Land Gods

Osiris (god of nile and agriculture)

Earth god

Isis who is the mother of fertility

Pharoohs

Ruler and God's on Earth who had all power

Ankh

Represents birth and fertility

Ma'at

Law code, idea of Ideal of order, justice and truth

Queen Hatshepsut

A queen of age, prosperity, peace who was a good leader (dressed like a man)

Akhenaten

Changes religion to worship a sun-disk

Tutankhamen

Son of Akhenaton. Restored traditional religion. Would not be so well known if it hadn't been for the fact his tomb was discovered in the 1920s and the treasure was largely intact.

Ramses II

Pharaoh and great builder of Egypt (takes empire to largest size in history)

Treaty of Kadesh

1st written treaty (peace treaty)

Hieroglyphics

An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

Papyrus

A form of paper

Israelites

semitic-speaking people that influenced other religions with theirs of Judaism

Abraham

Father of monotheism/ central figure in Judaism

King Solomon

Unifies Jewish people/ Jerusalem capital/ built the 1st temple after is death the Jews split up

Capital of kingdom of israel

Samaria

Capital of Kingdom of Judah

Jurusalem

What did Assyrians do

gain control of israel, sold slavery and dispersed

Chaldeans

Conqured judah and destroyed jurusalem

Ancient India

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

major urban cities of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern.

Indo-European ruled by prince Raja

adopted a Dravidian agricultural life improved w/iron followed Dharma- standards of behavior

San- Skirt

the first written language of India

Mauryan Empire

He unifies Indian people by defeating the Greeks capital city named Patna/ Arthashastra which is a book

Chandragupta Maurya

founded Mauryan Empire

Sati

The ancient Indian practice of ritual meaning when the husband dies the wife must take her life.

Caste System

Brahmin- Highest social group

Kshatriya- warrior/ruling class

Vaishya- farmers/merchants

Shudra- the labors

Pariah- did the jobs no one else wanted to do

Jati

kindships group of families in a caste living in a specific location

Hinduism- a blend of Aryan and Dravidian culture

vedas- scared texts

Samsara- reincarnation- karma

Brahmin- The creator

Vishnu- The preserver

Shiva- The destroyer of evil

Jainism founded by Mahavira

Ahisma- all living things had a soul

5 vows of Jainism: non-violence, truthful, non-stealing, Chasity, no possessions

Didnt like concept of reincarnation

Buddhism founded by Siddhartha Gautama

Moksha- ending the way of life

4 noble truths- Life is suffering, suffering is caused by desire, to end suffering is the end desire, to end desire is the follow the middle path

Ashoka- Greatest ruler in Ancient India at the battle of Kalinga he become Buddhist

Books in Ancient India

Rig Veda

Maha Bharata (war ethics legends of Gods

Kama Shura (pleasures of life)

Ramayana (hero)

Stupai

Places of worship

Ancient China

yellow river- 4th

Yangtze River- 3rd

Xia Dynasty Founded by Yu the Great

capital city Erlitou

Shang Dynasty capital Anyang

overthrows Xia Dynasty, traded w/ Indo European/ writing tied with symbol not sound

Zhou Dynasty

effective Bureaucracy

Built roads/ canals

Mandate of Heaven- God gives you a ruler that is compassionate, earned the right to rule, was a gift but could be taken away

Filial Piety

Family is more important than individual

Mencius (follower of Confucius) social order and harmony

Humans are born good not evil, and society is what makes them evil/ education was the answer not punishment

Legalism

philosophy that supported torture and death as a punishment for criticizing the government born evil not good

Daoism founded by Laozi

Meant the way (creator force in all life

Wuwei- let nature takes its course

Qin Dynasty founded by Qin Shi Huang

Believed in legalism, he burned books and killed scholars.

Created a uniform system

Started The Great Wall of China

Terra Cotta Army- a field of statues that guarded his tomb once he died

Han Dynasty founded by Gaozu

Created civil service exams for jobs

invented paper/ herbal medicine, wheelbarrows, watermills, silk roads and built middle classes