Neurological Physiotherapy Practice - Week 1

Flashcards for Neurological Physiotherapy Practice Lecture

Neuroplasticity

The capacity of the nervous system to modify itself functionally and structurally in response to experience or injury.

Neurological Rehabilitation

A process that assists individuals who experience disability to achieve and maintain optimal function and health in interaction with their environment.

WHO ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health)

A framework developed by the WHO to ensure health is not purely considered from the negative perspective of disability and impairment, but also focuses on functioning and participation in life roles.

Teamwork in Rehabilitation

An active partnership between the patient, family, and healthcare team, not just collaboration between healthcare workers.

Patient-Centered Care

A philosophy of care that considers the situation to be a partnership between the patient, their carer/family, and the healthcare team, with shared decision-making and respect for the patient's values.

Priming

Actions taken to prepare the motor system to lead to a greater neuroplastic response, such as sensory stimulus, environmental stimulus, or mental imagery.

Use it or Lose it

Failure to drive specific brain functions through non-use or decreased sensory input can lead to functional degradation and decreased cortical representation.

Use it and Improve it

Training that drives a specific brain function can lead to an enhancement of that function.

Competitive Plasticity

The brain is constantly dropping connections that seem no longer needed and adds connections if there are new demands.

Specificity in Neuroplasticity

The nature of the training experience dictates the nature of the plasticity (Practicing swimming makes you better at swimming, not running).

Repetition in Neuroplasticity

The induction of plasticity requires sufficient repetition, dosage and amount of practice of a task is important.

Intensity in Neuroplasticity

The induction of plasticity requires sufficient training intensity to provide a challenge to the neurological system.

Salience in Neuroplasticity

The training experience must be sufficiently important or meaningful to induce plasticity as well as judged to be important enough to warrant encoding in the brain.

Age as a Factor in Neuroplasticity

Training-induced plasticity occurs more readily in younger brains.

Transference in Neuroplasticity

The ability of plasticity in one set of neuronal circuits to promote concurrent or subsequent plasticity.

Interference in Neuroplasticity

Not all plasticity is beneficial; plasticity in one neural circuit can impede the induction of new plasticity in the same circuit. It is easier to learn bad habits.

Motor Control

A field of science regarding how the nervous system interacts with the body and environment to produce movements.

Systems Model of Motor Control

The movement solution changes according to the interaction between the individual, the task, and the environment.

RAMP Acronym

Restore, Adapt/Compensate, Maintain, Prevent

Self-Efficacy

Belief about the capability to influence events that affect one's own life.

Self-Management

Having the skills, knowledge, and confidence to undertake tasks to manage one's own health and healthcare needs safely and effectively.

Primary Prevention

To prevent a disease onset in the first place by promoting good nutrition and exercise

Secondary Prevention

To stop or slow disease progression or consequences after the onset of an injury, illness, or disease

Tertiary Prevention

Aims to reduce impairments and activity limitations