bio test 2

magnification

how much something can zoom in

resolution

how clear an image is

cell theory

1. all living things are made of cells 2. cells are the smallest unit of life 3. cells can only be made from cells

why can't cells be that big?

volume vs. surface area -

prokaryotes

smaller and have no nucleus + lil tails + cell walls no organelles other than ribosomes

pro and eukaryotes similarities

both have mitochondria

eukaryotes

have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

plant cells

chloroplasts, cell walls, vacuoles

nucleus

1 - stores DNA, largest organelle, contains nucleolus which make ribosomes

smooth ER

makes lipids

rough ER

around nucleus, has ribosomes, and is made of membrane

cytoplasm

everything inside the cell

ribosomes

(+1) make proteins, can be free-floating or on the ER

Golgi

(+1) where stuff goes after the ER, "packaging centers" - proteins are sorted, things go in and leave in vesicles

lysosomes

(+1) breaks things down

central vacuole

(1) holds water and waste

mitochondria

(+1) produces ATP

chloroplasts

(+1) turn light into energy

cell wall

provides support

cytoskeleton

made of protein fibers, provides support, things move along it

vesicles

(+1) lil balls of membrane that move things

cholestral membrane function

stability

hypertonic

solution with high concentration of solute

isotonic

solution with even concentration of solute

hypotonic

solution with low concentration of solute

exocytosis

taking something out of the cell

phagocytosis

large molecules - a specific molecule

pinocytosis

small molecule - not specific