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Peacemakers
USA
UK
FRANCE
Aims of David Lloyd George
(British PM at end of WW1)
-trade with Germany
-make Germany pay (get justice not revenge)
-Expand British empire
Aims of Widrow Wilson
(President of America)
-make world safe
-disarmament
-self determination
-LON
Aims of George Clemenceau
(French PM)
-revenge
-weaken Germany
Positives of ToV for Lloyd George
-Expanded British empire
-smaller Germany army
Negatives of ToV for Lloyd George
treaty is too harsh and would lead to war
Positives of ToV for Wilson
-creation of LON
-self determination
Negatives of ToV for Wilson
-not all of his 14 points were fulfilled
-senate refused to join the LON
Positives of ToV for Clemenceau
-Alsace Lorraine returned to France
-Germany army reduced
-German reparations
Negatives of ToV for Clemenceau
-treaty wasn’t harsh enough
-wanted Germany to be split up
Article 231 of ToV
Germany was to blame for war
Article 232 of ToV
Reparations of £6,600,000,000 to be paid in annual instalments (10% of their agricultural industry was already taken by ToV, and they needed to rebuild their homes, & France/Britain were in debt to America)
Effects of Germany’s colonies being handed over to LON (as a result of ToV)
-Germany could no longer take from these colonies
-made France/Britain stronger than they already were
Effects of the disbandment of the airforce and destruction of army
Left Germany defenceless and caused unemployment rates to rise
Effects of Germany’s territorial losses
Weakened Germany as payback
Many people were no longer classed as German
50% of their iron and steel industry gone (which they need to rebuild infrastructure)
Why were the November criminals a reason for resentment in Germany
Germans believed they had been stabbed in the back by those who agreed to end the fighting, because no one who was fighting had agreed to end it
Brest litovsk treaty
Germany made Russia lose major territorial holdings just so that Russia could back out of ww1
Ebert’s reaction to ToV
Complained it was too harsh
(Many saw this as double standards because of how they treated Russia in the Brest litovsk treaty)
Lloyd George’s reaction to ToV
Disliked it and was confident that its severity would lead to a war in 20 years
Clemenceau’s reaction to ToV
Unhappy as he thought it wasn’t harsh enough
The French public thought he drift punish Germany enough so they voted him out in 1920
Wilson’s reaction to the ToV
Very disappointed and said that had he been German, he wouldn’t have signed the treaty
Advantage of the ToV
Brought peace to Europe
Restored country boundaries
Set up LON
Demilitarised Germany and made others feel safe
Gave Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia independence
Disadvantages of ToV
Didn’t make LoN strong
Left Germany helpless and with resentment as they saw it as a diktat (it was forced on them)
No one got what they wanted
High reparations (British concerned trade with Germany would halt)
Austria treaty
Lost land to Italy, Poland, and Romania
Never a fixed amount for repatriations but still told to pay
Forbidden from uniting with Germany
Military restricted to 30000
Bulgaria treaty
Lost land to Greece and Romania
£100,000,000 reparations
Army limited to 20,000
Hungary treaty
Lost land to Romania Czechoslovakia and Austria
No fixed amount of reparations and nothing was paid anyway as Hungarian economy collapsed
Army restricted to 30,000
Turkey treaties
Lost the most land in Europe
Ottoman Empire split up
Army restricted to 50,000 men
Allies allowed to keep troops in Turkey
Public revolted and overthrew government, the new president threatened to fight allies over treaty and cus they couldn’t afford another war they agreed to overwrite the treaty
Turkey gained back their army and some of their land and cancelled reparations and the allied troops withdrew
Note 
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