AP CHEM intermolecular attcations and everything with IMF

LDF is between

2 nonpolar molecules

LDF can have

Induced dipole-dipole

Where the there is partial negative and positive sides in a non polar bond, and in the bond (-) the electrons go to one side at random

LDF strength

Number of electrons increases, the dipole probability will increase, attraction goes up

LDF

London dispersion force

All compounds have

LDF

Dipole-dipole is between

2 polar molecules

Dipole-dipole is

Between a molecules partial negative and partial positive atoms

Dipole-dipole strength

As polarity of the atoms in a molecule goes up, the dipole-dipole attraction force goes up

H-bonding is between

H and a FON element (fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen)

H-bonding has

Extremely strong dipoles due to large electronegativity difference

H-bonds are

Very polar

H-bond strength

Increase h-bonds as the molecules are more polar

Dipole-induced dipoles are between

1 polar and 1 non-polar molecule

Dipole-induced dipole

The electron cloud of the non polar molecule is distorted by the electrical charge of polar molecule and Coulomb’s law transforms to a molecule with partial negative and positive

Dipole-induced dipole Strength

Strength goes up when non-polar compound is greater

More electrons in nonpolar compound

Ion-dipole is between

Ionic compound and polar covalent compound

Ion-dipole strength

Forces of attraction goes up as in charge increases, dipole magnitude, or size of either decrease

Ionic compounds

Dissolve in water

Ion-ion is between

This is a BOND not an attraction (intermolecular attraction)

Ion-ion strength

Greater charge is more attraction, smaller atomic radius is more attraction

Surface tension

Results for the net inward force experienced by the molecules on the surface of the liquid.

• bugs walk on water

• Blowing bubbles

Capillary action

Adhesive forces are stronger than cohesive

Adhesive

Attraction between different molecules

Cohesive

Attraction wheaten the same molecule

Viscosity increases

with strong IMF

Physical properties affected by IMF

surface tension, capillary action, viscosity, vapor pressure

Viscosity decreases

With higher temperature

Viscosity

Resistance of liquid to flow

Vapor pressure (liquid at room temp)

Results from molecules that have enough energy to escape into the gas page

When viscosity is low…

Boiling point is low, high vapor pressure, low IMF

Boiling point

Vapor pressure of liquid equals atmospheric pressure

Vapor pressure definition

The partial pressure of the vapor when in dynamic equilibrium with a liquid (depends only on the type of liquid)