Fingerprinting

What is the purpose of Henry's fingerprint classification system?

To classify fingerprints into groups so the appropriate group can be quickly retrieved and examined for possible matches

What fingerprint pattern is used to calculate the Henry Primary Classification?

Whorls

How are fingers scored in Henry Primary Classification?

A finger receives its assigned numerical value when a whorl is present on that finger

How is the Henry Primary Classification calculated?

Add 1 to the whorl values of the even-numbered fingers for the numerator and add 1 to the whorl values of the odd-numbered fingers for the denominator

How many groups can the Henry Primary Classification produce?

1024 groups because the numerator and denominator can each range from 1 to 32

Does Henry classification itself identify a person?

No it organizes and retrieves candidate fingerprint records so detailed comparison can then be performed

What is a delta or triradius?

A triangular ridge region typically formed where type lines diverge

What is the core?

The approximate central area of a fingerprint pattern

What are type lines?

The innermost ridges surrounding the core

How many deltas does a loop generally have?

One

How many deltas does a whorl have according to the lecture?

At least two

What are the two types of arches?

Plain and tented

What are the four types of whorls?

Plain central pocket loop double loop and accidental

What is ninhydrin used for?

Developing latent fingerprints on porous surfaces such as paper and cardboard

What does ninhydrin react with?

Amino acids in eccrine fingerprint residue

What is the mechanism of ninhydrin?

Ninhydrin chemically reacts with amino acids in fingerprint residue to produce a dark purple product called Ruhemann's purple

What color is a ninhydrin-developed fingerprint?

Dark purple or Ruhemann's purple

What surfaces are best for ninhydrin?

Porous surfaces especially paper and cardboard

What factors influence the color produced by ninhydrin?

Temperature pH and humidity

Is ninhydrin a physical or chemical fingerprint development method?

Chemical

What is cyanoacrylate?

Superglue used as a latent fingerprint development reagent

What is the mechanism of cyanoacrylate fuming?

Cyanoacrylate vapor polymerizes on fingerprint ridge residue producing visible ridge detail

What color do cyanoacrylate-developed fingerprint ridges appear?

White

What surfaces are best for cyanoacrylate?

Nonporous surfaces such as plastic

Should cyanoacrylate normally be used on paper?

No porous paper is usually treated with amino-acid reagents such as ninhydrin

Is cyanoacrylate a physical chemical or physico-chemical method?

Physico-chemical

What does AFIS stand for?

Automated Fingerprint Identification System

What is AFIS?

A general term for a computerized system used to store search and compare fingerprints

Is AFIS the name of one specific database?

No many local state national and international fingerprint systems are AFIS systems

What does NGI stand for?

Next Generation Identification

What is NGI?

The FBI's current fingerprint AFIS and national multi-biometric repository and search system

When did NGI become the FBI's current system?

2014

What FBI system did NGI replace?

IAFIS or Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System

When was IAFIS used?

1999 to 2014

Is NGI limited to fingerprints?

No it is a multi-biometric database

What is 1 to 1 matching?

Comparing a fingerprint to one particular stored identity to verify a person

What is 1 to N matching?

Searching one fingerprint against a large database to find possible matching records