Week 7 Quiz

huntington’s disease

Poor language organization, confabulation, memory problems, dysnomia, irritability, and emotional lability.

vascular dementia

Caused by lack of blood flow to the brain.

Frontotemporal Dementia

Personality and behavioral changes, expressive and receptive language deficits, discourse challenges, and movement disorders.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Gradual onset impacting memory, attention, and executive functions

Alzheimer’s Disease Stages

early, mid, late

early stage (mild) alzheimer’s

Subtle memory impairment, particularly in recalling recent events.

Word-finding problems and semantic confusions in word usage.

Difficulty with planning, problem-solving, and executive functions.

Increased difficulty in complex conversations and maintaining train of thought.

Symptoms may be mistaken for normal aging or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

mid stage (moderate) alzheimer’s

More pronounced memory loss and confusion.

Increased difficulties with communication, including naming objects and comprehending speech.

Difficulty performing daily tasks such as managing finances or following

multi-step instructions.

Personality and behavioral changes, including irritability and mood swings.

Increased dependence on caregivers.

late stage (severe)

Severe cognitive decline with loss of ability to recognize close family and friends.

Extensive language deterioration, with loss of ability to communicate effectively.

Significant impairments in movement and coordination.

Total dependence on caregivers for basic activities of daily living (e.g., eating,

dressing, bathing).

Increased vulnerability to infections, including pneumonia.

Cortical dementias

Cortical dementias are those that primarily affect the cerebral cortex, such as

Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia.

non-cortical dementias

Non-cortical dementias include those such as Parkinson's-associated dementia and Huntington's Disease which have more subcortical involvement.

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

A clinical condition between normal aging and dementia, characterized by noticeable impairment(s) in one or more cognitive domains

Dementia

A general term for the impaired ability to remember, think, or make decisions that interfere with everyday activities

Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)

Progressive loss of linguistic abilities with relatively preserved cognitive abilities initially

Global Aphasia

Severe language impairment affecting all aspects of language (both expressive and receptive)

Characteristics of PPA

PPA entails an ongoing loss of language abilities in the face of relatively preserved cognitive abilities

progression of PPA

Over time, people with PPA usually develop mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and eventually dementia

deficits associated w dementia

Language loss secondary to loss of cognitive abilities.

Memory impairment is a hallmark/defining feature.

Progressive worsening of symptoms over time.

Nonfluent Agrammatic PPA

Difficulty understanding/producing syntax, speech sound errors, and apraxia of speech

Semantic Variant PPA

Word-finding and comprehension difficulties, stemming from a loss of semantic knowledge

Logopenic Variant PPA

Word-finding difficulties, speech sound and spelling errors, challenges in access rather than semantic knowledge

Language Variant PPA

Not explicitly listed separately, but PPA as a whole covers language loss

dementia caused by lack of blood flow to the brain

vascular dementia

aphasia

typically caused by acute brain injury (e.g.’ stroke) often stabilizes or improves over time

PPA

progressive worsening due to a neurodegenerative condition

neurocognitive disorder

Refers to a broad category of disorders entailing progressive changes in the brain resulting in progressive loss of neurological functioning

dysnomia

difficulty with word finding or naming objects