Skills Final Study Guide Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering standard precautions, vital sign norms and contraindications, wheelchair measurement and ADA standards, clinical codes, THR precautions, and neurological intervention models.

Standard Precautions: Contact

Requires the use of gloves and a gown.

Standard Precautions: Droplet

Requires a mask; gloves and a gown are used if skin lesions are present.

Standard Precautions: Airborne

Requires the use of an N-95 mask.

Blood Pressure (BP) Normal Range

$$<120/80\,mm\,Hg$$

Pulse Heart Rate (HR) Normal Range

$60-100\,bpm$ with an average of $68-82$.

Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) Normal Range

$$95\%-100\%$$

Respiratory Rate (RR) Normal Range

$$12-20\,\text{breaths/min}$$

Glucose Normal Ranges

$65-110\,g/dL$ fasting or $65-199$ random.

Orthostatic Hypotension

A drop in Systolic (SBP) of $>20$.

Standard Wheelchair Dimensions

$24-26\,in$ overall width, $36\,in$ height, $18\,in$ seat width, and $16\,in$ seat depth.

Bariatric Wheelchair Specifications

$22-30\,in$ seat width, $18-22\,in$ seat depth, supporting $450-1000\,lbs$.

Wheelchair Measurement: Hip Width

Widest aspect of buttocks, hips, or thighs plus $1.5\,in$ (average $18\,in$).

Wheelchair Measurement: Lower Leg

Heel to popliteal fold plus $2\,in$ ($19.5-20.5\,in$).

ADA Doorway Clearance

At least $32\,in$ required; $36\,in$ recommended.

ADA Ramp Slope

For every $1\,in$ of rise there must be $12\,in$ of run ($1:12$).

Greater Trochanters Pressure

The wheelchair dimension to examine if excessive pressure is noted here is hip width.

Supine Pressure Sore Risks

Ischial tuberosities, spine and spine of the scapula, heels, and elbows.

CPT Code 97110

Exercise

CPT Code 97530

Therapeutic activities

CPT Code 97535

ADLs and IADLs

Code Blue

Adult cardiac respiratory arrest

Code Silver

Active shooter

Code Black

Bomb threat

Hip Kit Tools

Long handled shoehorn, sock aid, reacher, long handled sponge, and leg lifter.

Anterior THR Precautions

No hyperextension of the hip, no crossing the legs/ankles, no pointing toes in/out, and keep operated leg in front during transfers.

Posterior THR Precautions

No flexion past $90^\circ$, no crossing legs/ankles, no pointing toes in/out, and keep operated leg in front during transfers.

NDT (Neurodevelopmental Treatment)

Uses weight-bearing, handling, and postural alignment to inhibit abnormal reflexes.

PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation)

Diagonal patterns used in ADLs to encourage the brain to recognize motor pathways and normalize tone.

Rood Approach (Spasticity)

Sensory stimulation using prolonged passive stretch, deep pressure, and neutral warmth.

Rood Approach (Flaccidity/Hypotonia)

Facilitates contractions via quick stretching, joint compression, icing, brushing, or tapping applied to the muscle belly.

Moro Reflex

Startle reflex

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)

Fencing reflex, turning of head to one side occurs when there is increased extensor tone

Protective Reactions

Extending arms and hands to protect the head and face when equilibrium reactions are insufficient.

CN III Palsy (Oculomotor)

Causes ptosis (drooping eyelid).

CN IV Palsy (Trochlear)

Difficulty looking down and inward; makes tasks like reading or walking downstairs hard.

CN VI Palsy (Abducens)

Difficulty looking outward; affected eye turns inward resulting in horizontal diplopia.

2-point Ambulation Pattern

Two points of contact on the floor at the same time using bilateral or unilateral crutches or canes.

Ambulation Devices (Most to Least Support)

Walkers, Bilateral Crutches, Single Crutch, Bilateral Canes, Quad Cane, Hemi Cane, Straight Cane.

Eye Gaze Communication Device

Best for later-stage ALS patients who are unable to speak and have limited motor control but consistent eye movement and blinks.