Electron Transport System (ETS) and OxidativePhosphorylation

ATP synthase

Complex V consisting of two major components, F1 and F0, involved in synthesizing ATP during the electron transport system.

Respiratory process

The following steps in the ________ are to release and utilize the energy stored in NADH+H+ and FADH2.

NADH+H+ and FADH2

The energy stored in ________ is released and utilized in the respiratory process.

Electron transport system (ETS)

The metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another is called the ________ and it is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

O2

Electrons are passed on to ________ resulting in the formation of H2O.

Inner mitochondrial membrane

The electron transport system (ETS) is present in the ________.

NADH dehydrogenase (complex I)

Electrons from NADH produced in the mitochondrial matrix during citric acid cycle are oxidized by an ________.

Ubiquinone

______ also receives reducing equivalents via FADH2 (complex II) that is generated during oxidation of succinate in the citric acid cycle.

FADH2

Ubiquinone also receives reducing equivalents via ______ (complex II) that is generated during oxidation of succinate in the citric acid cycle.

Succinate

Ubiquinone also receives reducing equivalents via FADH2 (complex II) that is generated during oxidation of ______ in the citric acid cycle.

Ubiquinol

The reduced ubiquinone (______) is then oxidised with the transfer of electrons to cytochrome c via cytochrome bc 1 complex (complex III).

Cytochrome c

The reduced ubiquinone (ubiquinol) is then oxidised with the transfer of electrons to ______ via cytochrome bc 1 complex (complex III).

Cytochrome bc 1 complex

The reduced ubiquinone (ubiquinol) is then oxidised with the transfer of electrons to cytochrome c via ______ (complex III).

Complex IV

Complex IV refers to cytochrome c oxidase complex containing cytochromes a and a3, and two copper centres. When the electrons pass from one carrier to another via complex I to ______ in the electron transport chain, they are coupled to ATP synthase (complex V) for the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

ATP synthase

When the electrons pass from one carrier to another via complex I to IV in the electron transport chain, they are coupled to ______ (complex V) for the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

ATP molecules

The number of ________ synthesised depends on the nature of the electron donor.

NADH

Oxidation of one molecule of ________ gives rise to 3 molecules of ATP.

FADH2

Oxidation of one molecule of ________ produces 2 molecules of ATP.

Oxygen

Although the aerobic process of respiration takes place only in the presence of ________, the role of ________ is limited to the terminal stage of the process.

Hydrogen

Yet, the presence of oxygen is vital, since it drives the whole process by removing ________ from the system.

Photophosphorylation

Unlike ________, where it is the light energy that is utilized for the production of proton gradient required for phosphorylation, in respiration it is the energy of oxidation-reduction utilized for the same process.

oxidative phosphorylation

It is for this reason that the process is called ______.

chemiosmotic hypothesis

You have already studied about the mechanism of membrane-linked ATP synthesis as explained by ______ in the earlier chapter.

electron transport system

As mentioned earlier, the energy released during the ______ is utilized in synthesizing ATP with the help of ATP synthase (complex V).

ATP synthase

This complex consists of two major components, F1 and F0. The F1 headpiece is a peripheral membrane protein complex and contains the site for synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

F0

___ is an integral membrane protein complex that forms the channel through which protons cross the inner membrane.

Protons

The passage of ___ through the channel is coupled to the catalytic site of the F1 component for the production of ATP.

ATP

For each ___ produced, 4H+ passes through F0 from the intermembrane space to the matrix down the electrochemical proton gradient.