DAT 113 Test 1 Study Guide - Dental Materials Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards generated from DAT 113 Test 1 Study Guide.

Evidence-Based Decision-Making

A clinical decision-making approach that integrates the best available scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and patient needs/preferences when selecting dental materials and treatments.

American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance

A designation awarded to consumer oral healthcare products that meet the ADA's specific requirements for safety and effectiveness.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard

A standard that mandates employers to inform and train employees about hazardous chemicals present in the workplace and how to protect themselves.

Chemical Entry Routes

The primary pathways through which hazardous materials can enter the human body, including inhalation, skin contact/absorption, ingestion, and direct contact through open wounds or mucous membranes.

Biting Forces

The mechanical forces applied to teeth and restorative materials during mastication, including compressive, tensile, shearing, and flexural forces.

Stress

The internal force per unit area generated within a material to resist an applied external force or load.

Strain

The amount of deformation or dimensional change per unit length experienced by a material when subjected to stress.

Ultimate Strength

The maximum amount of stress a material can withstand before it fails or fractures.

Galvanism

An electrical current created in the oral cavity when two dissimilar metals are present in an electrolytic solution such as saliva.

Thermal Conductivity

The rate or measure of a material's ability to transfer heat through its structure.

Thermal Expansion and Contraction

The change in length or volume of a material caused by temperature changes, measured by the coefficient of thermal expansion.

Adhesion

The force or mechanical/chemical attraction that holds two unlike substances or surfaces together.

Wettability

The ability of a liquid to spread over the surface of a solid, determined by the contact angle between the liquid and solid surface.

Viscosity

The resistance of a fluid to flow or movement.

Film Thickness

The minimal thickness attainable by a dental cement or adhesive between two joined surfaces under pressure.

Microleakage

The microscopic seepage of fluids, bacteria, and debris into the interface between a restoration and the tooth structure, potentially causing recurrent decay and postoperative sensitivity.

Primary Bonds

Strong chemical bonds involving the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms, such as ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.

Secondary Bonds

Weak physical attraction forces between molecules, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, which do not involve electron sharing or transfer.

Density

A measure of a material's mass per unit volume, determined by its atomic mass and crystalline packing structure.

Hardness

The resistance of a material's surface to indentation, scratching, or abrasion.

Elasticity

The ability of a material to deform under stress and return to its original shape and dimensions once the stress is removed.

Stiffness

A material's resistance to elastic deformation when stress is applied, represented by its modulus of elasticity.

Proportional Limit

The maximum stress a material can withstand without undergoing permanent or plastic deformation.

Ductility

The ability of a material to withstand permanent deformation under tensile stress (such as being pulled into a wire) without fracturing.

Malleability

The ability of a material to withstand permanent deformation under compressive stress (such as being hammered or rolled into a sheet) without fracturing.

Toughness

The total energy a material can absorb prior to fracturing.

Resilience

The capability of a material to absorb energy during elastic deformation and release that energy upon unloading without permanent deformation.

Brittleness

The characteristic of a material to fracture easily under stress with little to no plastic deformation.

Thixotropy

The property of a material to become less viscous and flow when subjected to mechanical force or agitation, and return to a higher viscosity gel state when at rest.

Preventive Materials

Dental materials applied or used to prevent the onset or progression of oral disease or caries (e.g., sealants, fluorides).

Therapeutic Materials

Dental materials used to treat existing disease, soothe inflamed pulp, or promote tissue healing in the oral cavity.

Restorative Materials

Dental materials used to replace or restore missing, damaged, or decayed tooth structure back to function and aesthetics.