Araling Panlipunan 10: Isyung Teritoryal (Territorial Disputes)

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering basic definitions, legal foundations, dispute types, key cases, economic impacts, and diplomatic concepts from Araling Panlipunan 10.

Isyung Teritoryal (Territorial Dispute)

A disagreement or conflict between two or more countries or states regarding ownership, control, or jurisdiction over a particular area of land, ocean, or airspace.

Hurisdiksyon (Jurisdiction)

The legal power or authority of a state over a particular place or territory.

1987 Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas, Artikulo I

The primary constitutional provision that defines the National Territory of the Philippines.

UNCLOS

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; an international treaty adopted in 1982 that sets rules and rights for coastal states regarding ocean use and jurisdiction.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

A maritime zone extending up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline, giving coastal states special rights to explore and utilize natural resources.

Baseline

The starting base line measured along the coast used for calculating maritime zones like the territorial sea and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

Boundary / Border Dispute

A conflict over where the land or sea territory of one country ends and where another country's begins (Keyword: hangganan).

Maritime Dispute

A conflict or disagreement concerning oceans, islands, reefs, shoals, and natural resources within the sea (Keyword: dagat).

Resource-Based Dispute

A conflict driven primarily by competition over essential natural resources found within a specific area (Keyword: yaman).

West Philippine Sea / South China Sea Dispute

A territorial and maritime conflict involving the Philippines, China, and other claimant states regarding rights and territorial claims in the South China Sea.

9-dash Line

A demarcation line used by China to illustrate its broad historical claim over almost the entire South China Sea.

2016 Arbitral Award

A ruling issued in 2016 by the Permanent Court of Arbitration regarding maritime entitlements and claims in the South China Sea, including the Philippine EEZ.

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

The arbitral tribunal based in The Hague, Netherlands that rendered the 2016 South China Sea arbitral decision.

The Hague

The city in the Netherlands where the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) tribunal is based.

Ayungin Shoal and Scarborough Shoal (Bajo de Masinloc)

Two specific maritime features in the South China Sea that are continuously disputed and central to Philippine maritime rights.

Sabah Dispute

A historical territorial dispute regarding Sabah involving the Philippines and Malaysia.

Soberanya (Sovereignty)

The supreme power or authority of a state to govern and make independent decisions within its own territory.

Diplomasya (Diplomacy)

The practice of interaction and negotiation between nations to resolve disputes and maintain peaceful international relations.

Freedom of Navigation

The right of ships to navigate through international waters in accordance with maritime law, supported by Philippine allies such as the US, Japan, and Australia.

Territorial Sea

A belt of coastal waters extending up to 12 nautical miles from a coastal state's baseline.

Continental Shelf

The seabed and subsoil beneath the sea extending from a coastal state's landmass, over which UNCLOS grants resource rights.

West Philippine Sea

The official term used by the Philippines for the parts of the South China Sea that fall within its maritime zones and jurisdictional claims.

South China Sea

A crucial sea west of the Philippines subject to competing claims by multiple states due to its territory, maritime rights, natural resources, and strategic trade routes.