Aqueous Liquids

Solutions

Liquid preparation that is composed of at least one chemical substance dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents.

Homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances

Very Soluble

<1

Freely Soluble

1-10

Soluble

10-30

Sparingly soluble

30-100

Slightly soluble

100-1,000

Very slightly soluble

1,000-10,000

Insoluble

>10,000

Simple Solution

Prepared by dissolving the solute in a suitable solvent

NaCl & Strong Iodine Soln.

Solution by Chemical Reaction

Prepared by reacting two or more solutes with each other in a suitable solvent

Examples: Aluminum subacetate solution, magnesium citrate solution, and sulfurated lime solution

Solution By Distillation

Prepared if the solution is a volatile oil

Steam distillation extraction of oils from plants

Solution By Extraction

Also called extractives

Prepared if the solute has the drug or pharmaceutical necessities of vegetable or animal origins

Maceration

Submerging the solute;

A properly comminuted drug is permitted to soak in a solvent for a specific period of time until the cellular structure is softened and penetrated by the solvent and soluble constituents are dissolved and extracted out

Example: tea bags

Percolation

Submerging the solute using a percolator

Digestion

With the aid of gentle heat;

Aid of heat or gentle heat to separate or isolate the active constituents from the plant material

Infusion

Called blanching, addition of hot water;

Hot water

material remain suspended in the solvent or in the hot water overtime which is a process often called as “steeping”

Also the name of “resultant liquid”

Menstruum

Solvent used for extraction (e.g. water, alcohol, ether)

Marc

Inert fibrous and other insoluble materials remaining after extraction

Extracts

Preparation of liquid (tinctures), semisolid (soft extracts), or solid

Calcium Monoxide

Calcium Oxide to this

Astringent

Cause the contraction or shrinkage of tissues

Emulsifying agent

Stabilizer for emulsions, preventing liquids that ordinarily don’t mix from separating

To Melt

‘Emulsifying’ means this in reference to melt as an emulsion of water and fat.

Slaked lime

Suspension of the calcium hydroxide; there is only a small amount of water present in the calcium hydroxide

Iodine

Very reactive substance;

Solubility

1:2950 (2950 mL of water)

KI

Solubilizing agent that converts 𝐼₂→ 𝐼₃

Magnesium

A naturally occurring material

Important for many systems in the body especially the muscles and nerves

Magnesium Citrate

Increases water in the intestines, which may induce defecation

Syrup

Sweetening Agent

Talc

Clarifying Agents