political theories (final) || global politics

Just War Theory

Just War Theory argues that war can only be morally justified under strict conditions, with ethical rules guiding when war begins, how it is fought, and how peace is restored.

Galtung’s Conflict Triangle

Galtung’s conflict triangle shows that violence exists not only as direct harm but also through structural inequalities and cultural norms that justify oppression.

Postcolonialism

Postcolonialism examines how colonial legacies fuel present-day conflicts, emphasizing that peace requires decolonization and recognition of marginalized voices.

Feminism

Feminism critiques how patriarchy normalizes violence, arguing that including women’s voices and valuing care-oriented approaches is essential for sustainable peace.

Marxism

Marxism explains conflict as rooted in capitalism and economic inequality, where violence emerges from exploitation, and peace requires structural change.

Constructivism

Constructivism highlights the role of shared ideas, norms, and identities, arguing that whether states choose violence or non-violence depends on how they perceive each other.

Liberalism

Liberalism emphasizes cooperation, institutions, and diplomacy, suggesting that peace can be achieved through democracy, trade, and international organizations.

Realism

Realism argues that states act in their own self-interest to ensure survival, often relying on power and military force, which makes conflict and violence inevitable in an anarchic world.