Foundations of American Democracy Review

These flashcards cover the key concepts and important facts related to the Foundations of American Democracy.

What major power is given to the judicial branch as defined in the Constitution?

The judicial power extends to all cases in law and equity arising under the Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made.

What is judicial review?

The ability of the Supreme Court to declare a legislative or executive act in violation of the Constitution.

What does the Elastic Clause allow?

It allows Congress to make laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out its powers.

What is the significance of checks and balances in American government?

Checks and balances ensure that no one branch of government becomes too powerful.

Define federalism.

The division of power between a central, or federal government and state governments.

What does Article IV of the Constitution establish regarding states?

It ensures mutual respect and legality of laws, public records, and judicial decisions made by states.

What does the supremacy clause in Article VI state?

The Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and states cannot make laws that conflict with federal laws.

What does the 12th Amendment reserve for the states?

Powers not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states.

What is dual federalism?

A system where powers are divided between the federal government and state governments.

What powers are common for Congress as outlined in Article I, Section 8?

Collect taxes, regulate commerce, declare war, coin money, and establish courts.

What powers does the Chief Executive hold?

The power to act as commander in chief, grant pardons, make treaties, and appoint officials.

What was the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

To ensure the protection of individual liberties and achieve ratification of the Constitution.

What themes are discussed in Federalist 10?

Factions are inevitable, and separation of powers among branches keeps them in check.

What were the Articles of Confederation?

The first constitution that created a weak national government reliant on states.

What is the Connecticut Compromise?

It resolved the conflict between the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan during the Constitutional Convention.

What process does Article V outline for amending the Constitution?

It establishes two methods: 2/3 of both houses of Congress and ratification by 3/4 of state legislatures, or a national convention called by 2/3 of state legislatures.