Unit 0 AP World History MC Test Mr. Banig WCHS

What were the earliest sacred writings of Hinduism?

The Vedas

What is dharma (Hinduism)?

The fulfillment of your caste duty

What is karma (Hinduism)?

The belief in cause and effect; Hindus believe that good karma allows you to be reborn into a higher caste, eventually reuniting with Brahman

What is the caste system (Hinduism)?

The hereditary classification of people based on their family. The higher you are in the caste system, the closer you are to reaching moksha

How did karma and dharma influence social hierarchy in South Asia?

They believed that pure actions (good karma) leads to rebirth into a higher caste. Their position in the caste system determines someone’s duties and status for life

Why did Buddhism emerge as a response to Hinduism?

Buddhism aimed to assure people that enlightenment is possible for everyone and that it can be achieved in one lifetime

What are the Four Noble Truths (Buddhism)?

1. Life involves suffering

2. Suffering is caused by material wants and desires

3. Suffering can be ended

4. There is a path (the Eightfold Path) that leads to the end of suffering

What is Nirvana (Buddhism)?

Nirvana (also called enlightenment) is the concept of getting rid of greed, hatred, and delusion, ultimately leading to a state of peace and freedom from the rebirth cycle

How did Ashoka help spread Buddhism beyond India?

Through things like state policy, the building of Buddhist stupas, and the support of Buddhist missionaries, monks, and merchants

List three major ideas from Zoroastrianism that later influenced Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

1. Monotheism

2. The concept of Good and Evil

3. The coming of a future messiah

What major event caused Judaism to transition into Second-Temple Judaism?

The Babylonian Exile

Compare the view of God in Zoroastrianism and Judaism

Zoroastrianism believes in Ahura Mazda as the supreme creator, while Judaism believes in Yahweh as the supreme creator

Who was Jesus of Nazareth and what did He teach?

He was the incarnation of the Messiah who was promised in the Jewish faith. He focused on teaching wisdom, love, and compassion

Why was Christianity appealing to many people in the Roman Empire?

The promise of a messiah was appealing

Who was Paul and what role did he play in spreading Christianity?

He participated in extensive missionary work and traveled all around the region to keep Christianity alive, despite Roman persecution

What was the main goal of Confucianism in society?

To create a solution to the disturbance in China from the Warring States. They also worked to encourage unity.

List two ways Confucianism stressed respect and hierarchy

They taught people to pursue those things, also adding on education, honesty, integrity, morality, and loyalty. Confucianism also taught the male leaders in families to respect, protect, and support their families

What is Dao in Daoism?

The natural order of the universe. They also believe that harmony comes from aligning with Dao, or The Way

What is Wu Wei, and how does it contrast with Legalism?

Wu Wei is non-action and natural harmony. They advocate for natural harmony while Legalism promotes strict laws and punishments

How did the satrap system help Persia control such a large empire?

It allowed a break from the unsuccessful first-wave empire practices, which failed in establishing a strong or effective centralized government

What were the satraps?

Imperially-sanctioned local governors who enforced major laws and policies that came directly from the ‘god’ emperor himself

Why was Persia’s policy of religious and cultural tolerance important?

It ensured cooperation and subject loyalty. It also lowered the chances of a future rebellion

List one major difference between Greece and Persia in government

Greeks practiced democracy within the city-states while Persians practiced a strong monarchy, ruled by a single ‘King of Kings’

Who was Alexander the Great?

King Philip II’s son

What was the significance of Alexander the Great’s conquests?

He led one of the greatest military campaigns in world history that eventually ended the Achaemenid Empire. He also remained undefeated in his battle in India and Central Asia

What event changed Rome from a Republic to an Empire?

When Julius Caesar entered Rome with an army and claimed his role as emperor

What was unique about Roman citizenship?

It offered full protection and privileges to the people of the nations it conquered with absolutely no strings attached

Why were the Punic Wars important for Rome’s expansion?

They defeated Carthage in the Punic Wars and then turned their attention to the Hellenistic states to eventually become the most powerful of the Mediterranean Sea

Why is the Gupta Empire considered a Golden Age?

Due to the rapid growth of trade, knowledge, and prosperity

List two major scientific or mathematical achievements of Gupta India

• Algebraic system

• The concept of zero