Deformities found in podiatry (copy)

Achilles Tendonitis

It occurs due to over loading of the tendon, causing micro trauma which reduces the load capacity of the structure.

Effects non athletes and athletes

Treatments- flexibility of the ankle, othrotics and heel raises

Hallux abductovalgus

Progressive foot deformity where the 1st MTP joint is affected, it gradually subluxed resulting in abduction and valgus rotation of the hallux

Effects adults over 18 and patients who wear tight shoes and heels

Management- padding, orthotics, strength and conditioning

Plantar plate dysfunction

The longitudinal fibres of the plantar plate is stretched or torn caused by excessive dorsiflexion or ground reaction forces at the MTPJs.

Posterior tendon dysfunction

Tendinopathy of the posterior tibial tendon, resulting in the foot becoming more pronated

Effects older patients, diabetics and patients who do activities or wear shoes that force the toe to bend away from the ground can weaken the planter plate

Hammer toe

MTPJ are in extension

PIPJ are in flexion

DIPJ are in extension

can be caused by wearing short, narrow shoes

Claw toe

MTPJ are in extension

PIPJ are in flexion

DIPJ are in flexion

Caused by a nerve problem in the legs or spinal cord problem or signs of arthritis

Mallet toe

MTPJ are in neutral

PIPJ are in neutral

DIPJ are in flexion

Bend in the toes that is caused by wearing tight shoes.

Planter fasciopathy (fasciitis)

Pain on the medial calcaneus and around the arch of the foot. Inflammation of the plantar fascia.

Causes a stabbing pain.

Usually found in runners and patients overweight

Pronation

The foot’s movement allows the foot to become more prone to the support surface, therefore increasing the ground contact surface area of the arch.

The foot rolls inwards just after it lands on the ground

The foot’s range of motion is greater than is required and so the patient must adjust to deal with the forces.

Supination

A natural anatomical movement that is necessary to occur during walking and running which helps to provide adequate leverage to the foot

The foot rolls outwards, placing most of the weight onto the outside of the foot and racing the foot’s arch.

Morton’s neuropathy

Nerve entrapment. Thickening of the tissue around the digital nerves leading to the toes.

Causes a sharp pain, numbness or burning.

Typically effects people between 30-60 years old

Treatment- orthotics, rest and raise the foot and ice packs.