Chapter 41: The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

Cartilage

________- specialized connective tissue in which the ground substance forms a characteristic type of glycoprotein, called chondroitin.

Glands

________ are composed of epithelial tissues that produce metabolic products and secrete them into ducts or body fluid.

Thermogenesis

________- when temperature falls below a critical lower threshold, an animal may resort to ________, the use of normal metabolism to produce heat.

Mammalian thermoregulation

________ is controlled by the hypothalamus.

Q10

________- is a measure of temperature sensitivity.

temperature

Changes in ________ can effect level of mental concentration and performance.

Endotherms

________ create internal metabolic heat for conservation or dissipation.

cardiac muscle

The heart is composed of ________ and is the only place ________ is found.

Ectotherms

________ regulate temperature using behavior.

Neurons

________- elongated cells that conduct electrical impulses.

Negative Feedback

________- serves to maintain a "normal "status of a variable.

Immune System

________- responds to any invaders that penetrate the first defense.

Adipose Cells

________ (fat tissue)- important for nutrient.

Endotherms

Organisms that use metabolism to generate body heat and maintain their temperatures above the ambient temperature are called .

Bone

________- the matrix in ________ tissue is composed of calcium phosphate crystals.

Blood

________ we classify blood as a connective tissue because it contains abundant extracelluar material, the fluid plasma.

Digestive System

________- includes how we eat, absorb nutrients, and eliminate solid wastes.

Reproduction and Development

________ ensure continuity of the species.

Integumentary System

________- (skin) the first line of defense.

Reproductive System

________ is responsible for biological continuity.

Bone Cells

________ (Osteocytes)- remain alive even though the extracellular matrix becomes hardened with calcium phosphate crystals.

musculoskeletal system

________ consists of two interrelated organ systems.

Circulatory System

________- contains the heart and vessels that pump and distribute blood, carrying nutrients and other and other substances throughout the body.

Organ System

________- a group of organs that cooperate to perform the major animal bodily functions.

Q10

The ration between the rates of a reaction at two temperatures that differ by 10 degrees C is called the ________ for the enzyme.

Temperature

________ is determined by internal and external factors.