food chem 1st test

O, C, H, and N make up ~96.3% of the human body. These are known as the ______ elements

MAJOR elements

7 more elements make up most of the remaining 3.7% of the body. These are known as the _______ elements

MINOR elements

14 elements occur in less than 0.01% of the body. These are known as the ______ elements

TRACE elements

Besides water, the major elements and some of the minor elements make up 4 major compounds in your body (called ____________)

Macromolecules

Name the 4 major elements

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Compounds that contain carbon are known as _________ compounds

Organic Compounds

Why do so many compounds contain carbon?

Carbon can form up to 4 bonds

The simplest type of organic compound contains only carbon and hydrogen. These are known as ______________

hydrocarbons

Name the 4 different ways in which carbon skeletons can be different

Length, Bonds, Branching, Arragment

A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds is called a(n) _______

AlkANE

A hydrocarbon that contains at least one double bond is a(n) _______

AlkENE

A hydrocarbon that contains at least one triple bond is a(n) ________

AlkYNE

__________ hydrocarbons contain the maximum # of H atoms that can bond with the # of C atoms present

Saturated

____________hydrocarbons do NOT contain the maximum # of H atoms due of the presence of double or triple bonds

UNsaturated

Add the prefix “______” if branched once

iso

Add the prefix “______” if branched twice
on the same carbon atom

neo

If a carbon skeleton is arranged in a ring, we add the prefix “_____”

cyclo

name of the six-carbon ring structure commonly found in aromatic compounds?

Benzene

The components of organic molecules that replace H atoms and are involved in chemical reactions are called __________ groups

Functional

-OH

Alcohol

-NH2

Amine

-CHO

Aldehyde

-COOH

Carboxylic acid

GIve polymer for CARBOHYDRATE

Startch

Give polymer for LIPID

wax

Give polymer for Protein

Polypeptide

Give polymer for Nucleic Acid

DNA

1

Meth

2

Eth

3

Prop

4

But

5

Pent

6

Hex

7

Hept

8

Oct

9

Non

10

Dec