IB Chemistry 4.1 - 4.2

Ionic bonding

What is non- directional (force occurs on an atom from all sides)

Electrons

________ are unequally shared and form a bond dipole (one side is partially positive and the other is partially negative, more on this later)

Single

________ pairs contain 2 electrons, double pairs contain 4, triple pairs contain 6.

Non metals

________ form covalent structures.

Anion

________- An ion with a negative electric charge.

Ionic compounds

________ have a low electrical conductivity when they are solid because of the lack of free (delocalized) electrons.

Cation

________- An ion with a positive electric charge.

Coordination Number

________- gives the # of atoms another atom of a compound is in contact with.

Covalent Bonding

________- An electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei and shared pairs of electrons.

Electron Deficient

________ (lacking electrons) atoms are able to form covalent bonds.

Atoms

________ use ionic bonding to reach full valence shells that satisfy the octet rule (the tendency of most atoms to want 8 electrons in their valence shells)

Coordinate covalent bond

________- A covalent bond where both electrons in a pair are given by one atom.

Bond Length

________- The distance between bonded atoms.

Polar covalent bonds

________ have properties between ionic and covalent bonds.

Bond Order

________- # of bonds between a pair of atoms.

Ionic compounds

________ tend to be brittle as they fracture along an entire plane when ions are missaligned.

coordination numbers

Both ________ define how a compound is coordinated (ex.

Ionic Bonds

What are the result of the electrostatic attraction between ions? Answer with a single words or term.

Ionic compounds

What are good electric conductors when they are molten or dissolved? Answer with a single words or term.

Ionic Bonding

________- Bonds where one atom donates electrons to another; the atom that loses an electron becomes a cation and the other becomes an anion.

Ionic compounds

________ arrange themselves into a crystal /lattice structure (in other words, a regular pattern of repeating structures of atoms)

Ionic compounds

________ have low volatility (they do not change state easily)

Ionic Compounds

________- Usually form between a metal and a nonmetal (easy way to find them)