ASC101 (Chapter 4)

The six classes of nutrients

Water, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals

Monosaccharide

One sugar (carb) molecule

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, K

Primary type of digestion in the stomach

Chemical

Glycosidic bond

Bond between two monosaccharides

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamin C and the B-vitamins

Primary type of digestion in the abomasum

Chemical

The body’s preferred monosaccharide for energy

Glucose

Primary type of digestion in the large intestine

Microbial

Polysaccharide

Many sugar (carb) molecules linked together

Components of triglycerides

Three long-chain fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone

Primary type of digestion in the gizzard

Mechanical

Purpose of papillae

Increase surface area for absorption of volatile fatty acids in the large intestine

Purpose of villi and microvilli

Increase surface area for absorption of nutrients in the small intestine

Peptide bond

Bond between two amino acids

Primary type of digestion in the omasum

Microbial

The three segments of the large intestine

Cecum, colon, rectum

The four compartments of the ruminant “stomach”

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Primary type of digestion in the small intestine

Chemical

Primary type of digestion in the reticulum

Microbial

Long-chain fatty acids

Stearic acid, oleic acid, illnoleic acid

Disaccharide

Two sugar (carb) molecules linked together

Three examples of volatile fatty acids

Acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid

The macrominerals

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, sulfur

Primary type of digestion in the rumen

Microbial

Three examples of monosaccharides

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Four examples of disaccharides

Maltose, cellobiose, lactose, sucrose

Primary type of digestion in the proventriculus

Chemical

The three segments of the small intestine

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum