Machine Design and Shop Practice Practice Flashcards

Practice vocabulary flashcards based on Mechanical Design and Shop Practice (MDSP) Chapters 1-10 lecture notes, covering tools, processes, and machine design concepts.

Stud bolts

A kind of bolts which has no head and instead has threads on both ends.

Independent chuck

A kind of chuck which has reversible jaws which could be adjusted separately.

Mandrel

A tool which when pressed into a finished hole in a piece of work, provides centers on which the piece may be turned or otherwise machined.

Universal chuck

Kind of chuck which should not be used where extreme accuracy is required.

Knurling

The process of checking or producing checkers on the surface of a piece by rolling checkered depressions into the surface.

Live center

It fits into the main spindle of a lathe and acts as a bearing surface on which the work rests, revolving with the work.

Chuck

A gripping device with two or more adjustable jaws set radially.

Headstock

In a lathe, it comprises the main spindle and the mechanism for obtaining various spindle speeds.

Hardening

The process of heating a piece of steel to a temperature within or above critical range and cooling rapidly.

Brazing

Welding operation in which a non-ferrous filler metal melts at a temperature below that of the metal joined but is heated above $450^{\circ}\text{C}$.

Soldering

Uniting two pieces of metal by means of a different metal which is applied between the two in molten state.

Resistance welding

Joining metal by means of high current at low voltage where pressure by electrodes produces a forge weld.

Micrometer

A device for accurately measuring diameters.

Feeler gage

A group of thin steel strips for measuring clearances.

Distortion gage

A hand tool used to measure engine crank web.

Torque wrench

A hand tool used to measure tension on bolts.

Tolerance

The total permissible variation in the size of a dimension; the difference between the limits of size.

External gear

A gear with teeth on the outer cylindrical surface.

Whole depth

The total depth of a tooth space, equal to addendum plus dedendum.

Dedendum

The depth of tooth space below the pitch circle.

Module

The number of gear teeth to each mm pitch diameter.

Grinding machine

A machine tool in which an abrasive wheel is used as a cutting tool to obtain a very smooth finish.

Milling machine

A machine tool used to form metal parts by removing metal from a workpiece by the use of a revolving cutter with multiple teeth.

Shaper

A machine tool used principally to machine flat or plane surfaces with a single point cutting tool.

Boring machine

A machine tool used to enlarge a hole by means of an adjustable cutting tool with only one cutting edge.

Galvanized iron

Iron coated with zinc.

Stainless steel

Steel obtained principally by the use of chromium as an alloying element.

Herringbone gears

Gears consisting of two helical gears that eliminate axial thrust on the shafts and provide a line of contact.

Abrasive

A material that can wear away a substance softer than itself.

Brass

An alloy of copper and zinc.

Bronze

An alloy of copper and tin (sometimes containing small amounts of phosphorus).

Forging

The process of working metals by the application of sudden blows or by steady pressure.

Quenching

The operation of cooling a heated piece of work rapidly by dipping it in water, brine, or oil.

Annealing

Heating metal above the transformation range and cooling slowly to soften the metal and increase machining ease.

Normalizing

Heating to some $100^{\circ}\text{F}$ above the transformation range with cooling in still air to produce uniform structure.

Broaching machine

A machine tool used to finish internal or external surfaces by using a broach with a series of cutting edges.

Lathe machine

A metal turning machine tool where the work revolves on a horizontal axis while being acted upon by a slowly moving cutting tool.

Ductility

The ability of metal to be deformed considerably without rupture, such as being drawn into wire.

Laying out

The shop term for marking center points, circles, arcs, or straight lines upon surfaces for guidance.

Reaming

An operation of sizing and finishing a hole by means of a cutting tool having several cutting edges.

Countersinking

The operation of making a cone-shaped enlargement at the end of a hole.

Pitch circle

An imaginary circle passing through the points at which the teeth of meshing gears contact each other.

Carriage bolt

A bolt with a round head and short shank underneath to keep it from turning in wood.

Addendum

The portion of the gear tooth that projects above or outside the pitch circle.

Worm gears

Gears used for heavy duty works where a large speed ratio is required, commonly in speed reducers.

Bevel gears

Gears used to transmit motion between shafts at an angle to each other.

Backlash

The clearance between the tooth profiles of a gear tooth.

Dividing head

A mechanism used in machine tools to perform indexing.

Tap

A cylindrical bar used to cut internal threads.

Flywheel

A heavy rotating body serving as a reservoir for absorbing and redistributing kinetic energy.

Manganese

A common deoxidizer and cleanser of steel that forms oxides and sulfates carried out in slag.

Mercury

A metallic element and the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperature.

Endurance limit

The maximum stress induced in a material when subjected to alternating or repeated loading without causing failure.

Poisson's ratio

A property of material that relates lateral strain to longitudinal strain.

Foundry area

The area of a machine shop where metal is melted to form a new shape.

Compressive strength

The ability of a material or metal to resist being crushed.

Elastic limit

The maximum stress to which the material can be subjected without a trace of permanent set remaining upon withdrawal.

Foundry crucible

A vessel made of graphite used for melting metals.

Trimming

A process associated with forging or removing excess metal from the edge of a strip.

Babbit

An antimony-bearing lead or tin alloy used as a bearing material.

Sintering

The process of heating cold-pressed metal powder in powder metallurgy.

Piezometer

A device used to measure pressure in fluids.

Slenderness ratio

The ratio of the length of the column and the radius of gyration of the cross-sectional area.

Miter gear

A bevel gear of the same size mounted on a shaft at $90^{\circ}$.

Creep

The phenomenon of continuous stretching under load even if the stress is less than the yield point.

Kinematics

The study of the motion of bodies without reference to the forces that cause them.

Radial cam

A cam where the follower reciprocates or oscillates in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

Cylindrical cam

A cam where the follower reciprocates or oscillates in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation.

Cupola furnace

A furnace used in melting ferrous metals.

Crucible furnace

A furnace used in melting non-ferrous metals.

Factor of Safety

The ratio of ultimate stress divided by design stress.