Studied by 20 peoplepopulation density
the number of individuals in a population per kilometre squared
population distribution
the pattern in which individuals in a population are dispersed in an area
physical factor
the abiotic factors on Earth
human factor
the population numbers and the activities of humans
gdp
gross domestic product; the combined value of goods + services
gni
gross national income; total amount of money earned by a nations people and businesses (including overseas)
ppp
purchasing power parity; a measure of prices in different countries that uses the prices of specific goods to compare the absolute purchasing power of that countries currencies
tfr
total fertility rate; the number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime, based on current trends
cbr
crude birth rate; the number of babies that are born each year for every thousand people in the population (males and females)
nir
natural increase rate; the mathematical formula for natural population growth (natural increase) is: NIR=(CBR-CDR)/10
dependency ratio
the ratio between those in the non-economically active age group (taken to be children under 15 and adults over 65) and those in the economically active age group (15-64)
pro-natalist
a population policy which aims to encourage more births through the use of incentives
voluntary migration
migration decision made freely based upon weighing the options, employment, family, etc.
involuntary migration
forced migration, eg. war, famine, religious persecution, etc.
internal migration
the movement of people within a country for both voluntary and involuntary reasons
megacity
a city with a population over 10 million people
millionaire city
a city with a population over 1 million people
primate city
a disproportionately larger city in the urban hierarchy in a country
urban hierarchy
the hierarchy of settlements in a country from megacities, cities, large towns, towns and villages
rural-urban migration
the movement of people from a rural to an urban area
urban growth
the increase of the number of people living in metropolitan/urban areas
urbanisation
the increase in the proportion of the people living in urban areas
migration
the movement of people, involving a change of residence
forced migration
the movement of refugees and internally displaced people as well as people displaced by disaster, famine, or development projects in which an element of coercion exists
conflict induced displacement
people who are forced to move due to armed conflict such as civil war, violence, or persecution
development induced displacement
people forced to move due to large scale infrastructure projects
disaster induced displacement
includes natural and human induced disasters
refugee
a “person residing outside their country of nationality, who is unable or unwilling to return because of well founded fear or persecution due too race, religion, nationality, membership in a political social group or political opinion”
asylum seeker
people who have left their country of origin in search of protection in another country, but who’s claim for refugee status has not been decided
idp
internally displaced people; people who have been forced to flee their home, due to armed conflict, internal strife, systemic violations off human rights or natural or man-made disasters, who are still living in their own country
gender wage gap
the difference between median earnings of men and woman relative to median earning of men
gender power gap
the access to decision making positions
core periphery patterns
the spatial patterns between regions of economic power and development and regions of lower economic development and influence
demographic dividend
the accelerated economic growth that may result from a decline in a country’s birth and death rates and the subsequent change in the age structure of the population. with fewer births each year, a country’s young dependent population declines in relation to the working-age population.
informal economy
the small scale, locally owned, and labour intensive economy
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