IB Geo- Changing Populations

population density

the number of individuals in a population per kilometre squared

population distribution

the pattern in which individuals in a population are dispersed in an area

population density

the number of individuals in a population per kilometre squared

population distribution

the pattern in which individuals in a population are dispersed in an area

physical factor

the abiotic factors on Earth

human factor

the population numbers and the activities of humans

gdp

gross domestic product; the combined value of goods + services

gni

gross national income; total amount of money earned by a nations people and businesses (including overseas)

ppp

purchasing power parity; a measure of prices in different countries that uses the prices of specific goods to compare the absolute purchasing power of that countries currencies

tfr

total fertility rate; the number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime, based on current trends

cbr

crude birth rate; the number of babies that are born each year for every thousand people in the population (males and females)

nir

natural increase rate; the mathematical formula for natural population growth (natural increase) is: NIR=(CBR-CDR)/10

dependency ratio

the ratio between those in the non-economically active age group (taken to be children under 15 and adults over 65) and those in the economically active age group (15-64)

pro-natalist

a population policy which aims to encourage more births through the use of incentives

voluntary migration

migration decision made freely based upon weighing the options, employment, family, etc.

involuntary migration

forced migration, eg. war, famine, religious persecution, etc.

internal migration

the movement of people within a country for both voluntary and involuntary reasons

megacity

a city with a population over 10 million people

millionaire city

a city with a population over 1 million people

primate city

a disproportionately larger city in the urban hierarchy in a country

urban hierarchy

the hierarchy of settlements in a country from megacities, cities, large towns, towns and villages

rural-urban migration

the movement of people from a rural to an urban area

urban growth

the increase of the number of people living in metropolitan/urban areas

urbanisation

the increase in the proportion of the people living in urban areas

migration

the movement of people, involving a change of residence

forced migration

the movement of refugees and internally displaced people as well as people displaced by disaster, famine, or development projects in which an element of coercion exists

conflict induced displacement

people who are forced to move due to armed conflict such as civil war, violence, or persecution

development induced displacement

people forced to move due to large scale infrastructure projects

disaster induced displacement

includes natural and human induced disasters

refugee

a “person residing outside their country of nationality, who is unable or unwilling to return because of well founded fear or persecution due too race, religion, nationality, membership in a political social group or political opinion”

asylum seeker

people who have left their country of origin in search of protection in another country, but who’s claim for refugee status has not been decided

idp

internally displaced people; people who have been forced to flee their home, due to armed conflict, internal strife, systemic violations off human rights or natural or man-made disasters, who are still living in their own country

gender wage gap

the difference between median earnings of men and woman relative to median earning of men

gender power gap

the access to decision making positions

core periphery patterns

the spatial patterns between regions of economic power and development and regions of lower economic development and influence

demographic dividend

the accelerated economic growth that may result from a decline in a country’s birth and death rates and the subsequent change in the age structure of the population. with fewer births each year, a country’s young dependent population declines in relation to the working-age population.

informal economy

the small scale, locally owned, and labour intensive economy