Lower Extremity Anatomy – Module 4, Lecture 18 (Part 2)

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key muscles, actions, origins, insertions, innervations, vascular structures, and regional anatomy of the lower extremity from Lecture 18 Part 2.

The muscle is formed by the union of psoas major and iliacus and is the primary hip flexor.

iliopsoas

The psoas major inserts on the trochanter of the femur.

lesser

Innervation of the psoas major comes from the anterior rami of lumbar nerves .

L1–L3

The longest muscle in the body, known as the “tailor’s muscle,” is the .

sartorius

Sartorius originates on the (abbrev.) of the ilium.

ASIS

The pectineus muscle is innervated primarily by the nerve (L2–L3).

femoral

All four quadriceps muscles share the common action of the leg at the knee joint.

extending

The “quad” muscle that also flexes the hip is the femoris.

rectus

The vastus lies deep to rectus femoris.

intermedius

The adductor is the largest adductor muscle of the medial thigh.

magnus

The hamstring portion of adductor magnus is innervated by the nerve (division of sciatic).

tibial

The gracilis inserts on the superior medial surface of the .

tibia

The obturator externus muscle laterally rotates the thigh and is innervated by the branch of the obturator nerve (L3–L4).

posterior

The femoral triangle’s lateral boundary is formed by the muscle.

sartorius

Within the femoral triangle, the mnemonic NAVeL stands for Nerve, Artery, Vein, empty space, and .

Lymphatics

The chief artery of the thigh is the profunda artery.

femoris

The gluteal nerve (L5–S2) supplies gluteus maximus.

inferior

Gluteus medius prevents pelvic tilt during walking and is innervated by the gluteal nerve.

superior

The small muscle on the lateral hip that flexes the thigh and inserts into the ITB is the fascia lata.

tensor

The piriformis exits the pelvis via the greater foramen.

sciatic

Both superior and inferior gemelli laterally rotate the thigh and share insertion with the internus tendon.

obturator

Quadratus femoris originates on the lateral border of the tuberosity.

ischial

The sciatic nerve divides into tibial and common nerves in the popliteal fossa.

fibular (peroneal)

The popliteal fossa’s inferior borders are formed by the two heads of the muscle.

gastrocnemius

The primary dorsiflexor and inverter of the foot is the anterior muscle.

tibialis

Foot drop commonly results from injury to the fibular nerve.

common (or deep)

Peroneus longus supports the arch of the foot transversely.

transverse

The gastrocnemius and soleus share a common tendon called the tendon.

Achilles (calcaneal)

The “work-horse” of plantar-flexion located deep to gastrocnemius is the muscle.

soleus

Flexor hallucis longus is nicknamed the “ off muscle.”

push

The deepest posterior leg muscle that inverts the foot and supports the medial arch is posterior.

tibialis

The plantar aponeurosis supports the arches of the foot.

longitudinal

In the first layer of plantar muscles, the muscle that abducts and flexes the great toe is hallucis.

abductor

Quadratus plantae in the second layer assists digitorum longus in flexing the lateral four digits.

flexor

Flexor hallucis brevis belongs to the layer of plantar muscles.

third

Plantar interossei (adduct/abduct) digits 3–5.

adduct

Dorsal interossei (adduct/abduct) digits 2–4.

abduct

On the dorsum of the foot, extensor digitorum brevis extends digits .

2–4

The dorsalis pedis artery can be palpated just lateral to the tendon of extensor longus.

hallucis

Inversion of the ankle is produced chiefly by tibialis anterior and tibialis .

posterior

A forced eversion injury may cause a fracture-dislocation of the ankle.

Pott’s

The hip’s major extensor and lateral rotator originating from ilium, sacrum, and coccyx is gluteus .

maximus

Gluteus minimus shares the same insertion as gluteus medius on the trochanter.

greater

The obturator muscle is a deep gluteal muscle innervated by nerve to obturator internus (L5–S1).

internus

Semitendinosus and semimembranosus both extend the thigh and are innervated by the division of the sciatic nerve.

tibial

The short head of biceps femoris is unique among hamstrings because it is supplied by the fibular division of the sciatic nerve.

common

Tibialis anterior originates from the lateral condyle and superior half of the surface of the tibia.

lateral

Extensor hallucis longus inserts on the distal phalanx of the toe.

great (first)

Peroneus brevis inserts on the tuberosity of the base of the metatarsal.

fifth

The subtalar joint lies between the talus and the .

calcaneus

The transverse tarsal joint combines the calcaneocuboid and joints.

talonavicular

The femoral sheath encloses the femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral , but not the femoral nerve.

canal

Medial circumflex femoral artery primarily supplies the head and neck of the .

femur

The iliotibial tract inserts distally on the lateral of the tibia.

condyle

The superficial group of posterior leg muscles share common innervation from the nerve (S1–S2).

tibial

Popliteus unlocks the knee by laterally rotating the on a fixed tibia.

femur

Flexor digitorum longus supports the arches of the foot along with plantar fascia.

longitudinal

The muscle that steadies the femoral head in the acetabulum and laterally rotates the thigh, originating from the ischial tuberosity’s lateral border, is femoris.

quadratus

Piriformis is innervated by anterior rami of sacral nerves .

S1–S2

The femoral vein is the continuation of the vein after passing superiorly into the thigh.

popliteal