Brainstem- anatomy mcqs

The pons connects with the cerebellum through pedunculus cerebellaris medius.

- (yes/no)

yes

The basilar part of the pons is made of fibres only

- (yes/no)

no

- the basilar part contains corticofugal fibres and nuclei

Within the pons tegmentum are located the nuclei of the cranial nerves IX, X and XI.

- (yes/no)

no

- the pons contains cranial nerve nuclei V, VI, VII, VIII

The roots of XII cranial nerve appear in the retroolivary sulcus.

- (yes/no)

no

- retroolivary sulcus has emerging rootlets of CN IX, X, XI

The midbrain is delineated from the diencephalon by the optic tracts.

- (yes/no)

yes

The nuclei of the caudal colliculus are relay station in the auditory pathway.

- (yes/no)

yes

CN VI (abducens) appears in the interpeduncular fossa.

- (yes/no)

no

- CN III appears in the interpeduncular fossa

The brainstem contains reflex centres for respiration and cardiovascular control.

- (yes/no)

yes

Phylogenically new parts of the brainstem are located on its ventral aspect.

- (yes/no)

yes

Substantia nigra is part of the pyramid system.

- (yes/no)

no

- substantia nigra is part of the extrapyramidal system

The following structures are found in the opened part of the dorsal surface of medulla oblongata:

- pyramidal decussation

- olive

- vagal trigone

- facial colliculus

- gracile tubercle

vagal trigone

Breathing centers accessory to the medulla oblongata are located in which brain area?

- cerebellum

- pons

- hypothalamus

- midbrain

pons

The brain stem includes all of the following except:

- medulla

- pons

- midbrain

- cerebral cortex

cerebral cortex

The area that coordinates visual reflexes is the:

- cerebellum

- superior colliculus

- inferior colliculus

- cerebral peduncles

superior colliculus

How many of the pairs of cranial nerves originate from the brain stem?

- ten

- all of them arise from the brain stem

- two

- none of them arise from the brain stem

- one

ten

All of the following statements concerning the vestibulocerebellar pathway are correct except it:

- plays a role in the initiation, planning and timing of voluntary motor activities

- projects via the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

- receives input from the cristae ampullares

- receives input from the maculae of the utricle and saccule

- includes the flocculonodular lobe

plays a role in the initiation, planning and timing of voluntary motor activities

All of the following statements concerning the red nucleus are correct except:

- it influences the cerebellum via the inferior olivary nucleus

- its primary effect is on truncal and proximal muscles

- it receives bilateral input from the motor and premotor cortex

- it receives contralateral input from the nucleus interpositus

- it receives modest input from the contralateral dentate nucleus

its primary effect is on truncal and proximal muscles

Which of the following is NOT a medullary vital center?

- blood pressure

- cardiac

- vasomotor

- respiratory

blood pressure

Three nuclei within in the medulla oblongata function as vital centers for controlling heart rate, blood pressure and

- rate and depth of breathing

- emotions

- body temperature

- water and electrolyte balance

rate and depth of breathing

The centers that control vital visceral activities are located within the ---- area of the brain.

- hypothalamus

- cerebral cortex

- pons

- medulla oblongata

medulla oblongata

In the floor of the fourth ventricle: (which is true?)

- The trigonum vagi is at the inferior angle next to the midline

- The facial colliculus is next to the midline in its upper half

- The vestibular area is adjacent to the lateral angle

- The trigonum hypoglossi is lateral to the trigonum vagi

- The abducent nucleus lies deep to the facial colliculus

- The facial colliculus is next to the midline in its upper half

- The vestibular area is adjacent to the lateral angle

- The abducent nucleus lies deep to the facial colliculus

The following structures are found in the midbrain:

(which is true?)

- The substantia nigra

- The superior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)

- The motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

- The nucleus of the abducent nerve

- The decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles

- The substantia nigra

- The superior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)

- The decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles

The following nuclei are found in the pons:

(which is true?)

- The facial nucleus

- The oculomotor nucleus

- The descending or spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

- The abducent nucleus

- The inferior salivary nucleus

- The facial nucleus

- The descending or spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

- The abducent nucleus

In the medulla oblongata:

(which is true?)

- The olive lies between the pyramid and the inferior cerebellar peduncle

- The vagus nerve emerges between the pyramid and the olive

- The decussation of the pyramids is found in the posterior median sulcus

- The gracile tubercle lies posteriorly next to the midline

- The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve lies dorsilaterally

- The olive lies between the pyramid and the inferior cerebellar peduncle

- The gracile tubercle lies posteriorly next to the midline

- The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve lies dorsilaterally

The medial lemniscus:

(which is true?)

- Is formed by fibers which come mainly from the gracile and cuneate nuclei of the same side

- Is part of the proprioceptive pathway from the periphery to the cerebral cortex

- Forms a bundle of fibers lying anteroposteriorly in the pons

- Forms a bundle of fibers lying anteroposteriorly in the medulla oblongata

- Ends in the lateral nucleus of the thalamus

- Is part of the proprioceptive pathway from the periphery to the cerebral cortex

- Forms a bundle of fibers lying anteroposteriorly in the medulla oblongata

- Ends in the lateral nucleus of the thalamus

The pyramid of the hind brain:

(which is true?)

- Is medial to the roots of the hypoglossal nerve

- Is medial to the olive

- Consists mainly of descending fibers

- Consists of fibers all of which decussate in the medulla oblongata

- Consists of fibers all of whose cell bodies are in the precentral gyrus of the cerebral hemispheres

- Is medial to the roots of the hypoglossal nerve

- Is medial to the olive

- Consists mainly of descending fibers

The pons:

(which is true?)

- Contains nuclei whose neurons have fibers which go to the cerebellum

- Contains nuclei which connect the cerebral cortex with the cerebellar cortex

- Lies on the basilar part of the occipital bone

- Is anterior to the basilar artery

- Is superior to the emerging facial nerve

- Contains nuclei whose neurons have fibers which go to the cerebellum

- Contains nuclei which connect the cerebral cortex with the cerebellar cortex

- Lies on the basilar part of the occipital bone

- Is superior to the emerging facial nerve

The following are found in the midbrain:

(which is true?)

- The medial lemniscus

- The frontopontine fibers

- The lateral lemniscus

- The red nucleus

- The medial geniculate body

- The medial lemniscus

- The frontopontine fibers

- The lateral lemniscus

- The red nucleus

The pons:

(which is true?)

- Has the trigeminal nerve emerging from its superior border

- Contains in its anterior (basilar) part the nuclei pontis

- Contains in its anterior part the pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts

- Is connected to the cerebellum by the superior cerebellar peduncle

- Contains the upward continuation of the medial lemniscus

- Contains in its anterior (basilar) part the nuclei pontis

- Contains in its anterior part the pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts

- Contains the upward continuation of the medial lemniscus

The following are found in the midbrain:

(which is true?)

- The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve

- The tectospinal tract

- The medial longitudinal bundle

- The superior salivary nucleus

- The nucleus of the tractus solitarius

- The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve

- The tectospinal tract

- The medial longitudinal bundle

The border between medulla oblongata and pons on the ventral surface of brain is...

sulcus bulbopontinus

The pons connects with the cerebellum via...

middle cerebellar peduncle

The cranial nerves appearing in sulcus bulbopontinus are:

(3)

- n. abducens

- n. facialis

- n. vestibulocochlearis

The cranial nerves nuclei located in the tegmentum of pons include:

(4)

- n. trigeminus

- n. abducens

- n. facialis

- n. vestibulocochlearis

The midbrain includes the following parts:

(3)

- tectum

- tegmentum

- crus cerebri

In sulcus medialis cruris cerebri appear the roots of ---- nerve

oculomotorius

The ----- has the main centers for breathing reflexes

medulla

The connection between the third and fourth ventricle is called the...

cerebral aqueduct

Phylogenically new part of the midbrain is...

crus cerebri

The nucleus of the caudal colliculus is a relay station in the ----- pathway

auditory

To which of 1 to 6 cranial nerve nuclei the A to C are most closely related?

A) medulla oblongata

B) pons

C) midbrain

-------

1) nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi

2) nucleus facialis

3) nucleus oculomotorius

4) nucleus olivaris inferior

5) nucleus ruber

6) nucleus salivatorius caudalis

A) medulla oblongata:

- nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi

- nucleus olivaris inferior

- nucleus salivatorius caudalis

B) pons:

- nucleus facialis

C) midbrain:

- nucleus oculomotorius

- nucleus ruber

To which of the A to D brain stem tracts 1 to 4 functions are most closely related?

A) colliculus caudalis

B) colliculus rostralis

C) nucleus olivaris inferior

D) nucleus ceruleus

-----

1) voluntary movement control

2) hearing reflex

3) visual reflex

4) stress reaction

A) colliculus caudalis: hearing reflex

B) colliculus rostralis: visual reflex

C) nucleus olivaris inferior: voluntary movement control

D) nucleus ceruleus: stress reaction

To which of the A to C brain stem tracts 1 to 3 functions are most closely related?

A) pyramid tract

B) vestibulospinal tract

C) medial lemniscus

------

1) voluntary movement control

2) balance control

3) proprioception

A) pyramid tract: voluntary movement control

B) vestibulospinal tract: balance control

C) medial lemniscus: proprioception

To which of A to D 1 to 4 are most closely related?

A) pyramid decussation

B) trapezoid body

C) ventral tegmental decussation (forel)

D) dorsal tegmental decussation (meynert)

------

1) medulla oblongata

2) pons

3) tectum

4) nucleus ruber

A) pyramid decussation: medulla oblongata

B) trapezoid body: pons

C) ventral tegmental decussation (forel): nucleus ruber

D) dorsal tegmental decussation (meynert): tectum

To which of 1 to 4 regions A to D functions are most closely related?

A) cardiovascular center

B) proprioception

C) gustatory system

D) pain control

-------

1) raphe nuclei

2) medulla oblongata

3) nucleus solitarius

4) nucleus gracilis & cuneatus

A) cardiovascular center: medulla oblongata

B) proprioception: nucleus gracilis & cuneatus

C) gustatory system: nucleus solitarius

D) pain control: raphe nuclei

To which of 1 to 3 regions of A to D functions are most closely related?

A) controls visual reflexes

B) has nerve tracts that connect the cerebrum to the cerebellum

C) controls blood pressure

D) controls coughing and sneezing reflexes

------

1) midbrain

2) medulla oblongata

3) pons

A) controls visual reflexes: midbrain

B) has nerve tracts that connect the cerebrum to the cerebellum: pons

C) controls blood pressure: medulla oblongata

D) controls coughing and sneezing reflexes: medulla oblongata

To which of A to D structures 1 to 3 regions are most closely related?

A) pyramids

B) cerebral peduncle

C) corpora quadrigemina

D) middle cerebellar peduncle

------

1) midbrain

2) medulla oblongata

3) pons

A) pyramids: medulla oblongata

B) cerebral peduncle: midbrain

C) corpora quadrigemina: midbrain

D) middle cerebellar peduncle: pons