male and female reproductive system

what does the reproductive system include

- physical structures, hormones, & secretions

what system does the reproductive work with

endocrine system

what is the purpose of the male reproductive system

- generate male gametes (sperm) & deliver to female reproductive system

what are the components of the male system

penis, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles, testis (testes), scrotum

what is penis

organ from elimination of urine and sperm from male body

what is the vas deferens

The duct in which sperm moves from a testicle to the urethra

what are testes

- primary reproductive organ

- lots of seminiferous tubules where sperm are produced

- male gonads

what is the scrotum

- sac that houses the testes away from body to lower their temperature during sperm production

what do the prostate and seminal vesicles produce

the fluids necessary for lubricating and nourishing the sperm

what form the conduit

- vas deferens, urethra, penis through which sperm is ejaculated

what does the vas deferens lead to

urethra, leads sperm outside body through penis

what is the male copulatory organ

penis

what is the urethra

duct that delivers urine from urinary bladder to outside of body

what is the prostate

- glands in male that control release of urine and secretes a portion of semen that enhances motility and fertility of sperm

anatomy of male reproductive system

- bladder, seminal vesicles, prostate, vas deferens, urethra, penis, testis, scrotum

what is the female reproductive systems primary roles

- generating female gametes (ova or eggs)

- fertilization (conception)

- implantation

- gestation

- parturition

what are the components of the female reproductive system

- ovaries (female gonads) fallopian tubes (oviducts), uterus (womb) , cervix, vagina, labia minora & majora, & clitoris

what do the labia major and minor open into

- vagina

what is the vagina

- female copulatory organs

- birth canal by connecting uterus to through cervix

what do the fallopian tubes do

- connect ovaries to uterus

- tubes that carry eggs from ovaries to uterus

what is the response to changing hormone levels

- follicle in the ovary matures and releases an egg then travels down fallopian tubes to uterus

what is fertilization

- fusion of egg and sperm

- normally occurs in the fallopian tubes

what is a zygote

- released egg fertilized by sperm

- full set of genetic material

- undergoes several divisions into blastocyst (ball of cells)

what is implantation

- blastocyte implants itself into the uterine wall (endometrium)

- if successful, develops into embryo and grows placenta

what happens 40 weeks after fertilization

uterus contracts and fetus is pushed out of vagina

anatomy of female reproductive system

- mons pubis, clitoris, urethral meatus, labia majora & minora, vaginal orifice, anus

- fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina

what is a follicle

saclike structure that contains and allows for maturation of the female ovum (egg) within the ovary

what are hormones

- part of endocrine system

- allow cell to cell communication (controls many processes)

what is puberty

- period in which changes in hormone levels cause a general "growth spurt" and development of secondary sex characteristics

- initiated by production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from hypothalamus

what is the hypothalamus

location in brain that integrates the endocrine and nervous system

what does puberty trigger

release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH) from anterior pituitary gland

what is FSH

stimulates development of eggs in ovaries and sperm in testes

what is LH

trigger ovulation in the ovaries and production of testosterone by testes

what is the pituitary gland

endocrine gland at base of brain that controls growth and development

what happens during puberty in males

- LH is released and signal the testes to produce more testosterone

- testosterone and FSH stimulate production of sperm cells

what happens during puberty in females

- FSH signals the ovaries to produce more estrogen

- release of estrogen causes more eggs to mature in ovary's follicles and the uterine endometrium to thicken

what does a surge from LH from pituitary cause

developing egg that is most responsive to LH surge to be released

what is the empty mature follicle called

- corpus luteum

-produces large amounts of progesterone to prepare endometrium for implantation of fertilized egg

what happens if implantation doesn't occur

uterine lining sheds

what is the menstrual cycle

maturation and shedding of the endometrium

how are sperm produced in males

constantly produced and mature

what do reproductive hormone manage

development of secondary sexual characteristics

what is testosterone

The hormone that stimulates male secondary sexual characteristics

what is estrogen

Female sex hormone released by ovaries