Protein Modification and Sorting

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on protein modification and sorting.

Protein Sorting

The process by which proteins are directed to their correct location within the cell.

Signal Sequence

A stretch of amino acids found in the protein being transported that directs proteins to organelles.

Chaperone Proteins

Proteins that assist in the proper folding of other proteins in the cellular environment.

Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS)

A signal that directs proteins to enter the nucleus.

Vesicular Transport

Mechanism by which proteins move through cellular compartments via vesicles.

Disulfide Bond Formation

A post-translational modification where two cysteine residues link to form a covalent bond, stabilizing protein structure.

Glycosylation

The process of adding carbohydrate moieties to proteins, important for protein stability and function.

Proteasome

A molecular machine responsible for degrading proteins tagged with ubiquitin.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle where protein synthesis and initial modifications occur.

Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)

A ribonucleoprotein complex that assists in targeting proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Mitochondrial Chaperones

Proteins that facilitate the folding of polypeptides imported into the mitochondria.