A7P Wk7 HW

What are blood vessels?

Structures that distribute blood throughout the body, including arteries, veins, and capillaries.

What is the function of the heart?

It maintains blood pressure by pumping blood through the blood vessels.

What is the function of blood?

It transports nutrients, gases, hormones, water, and wastes.

What is the function of arteries?

They carry blood away from the heart.

What is the function of veins?

They return blood to the heart.

What is the function of capillaries?

They exchange nutrients, wastes, water, and gases between the blood and interstitial fluid.

Which is a function of blood? 

transport gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormones

regulate pH and ions concentrations in interstitial fluids

 restrict blood flow to injury sites

 defend tissues against toxins and pathogens

 help regulate body temperature

Blood is which type of tissue?

connective

What percentages of whole blood are plasma and formed elements?

Approximately 55% plasma and 45% formed elements.

What makes up plasma?

Approximately 92% water and 7% plasma proteins.

What makes up the formed elements?

Red blood cells make up over 99%, while white blood cells and platelets each make up less than 1%.

travel through plasma to target tissue where they will only act on cells with the correct receptor

hormones

antibodies, immunoglobulins, transport small ions, hormones, and lipids

globulins

primary clotting protein

fibrinogen

make up approximately 60% of plasma proteins

greatest contribution to osmotic pressure of plasma

albumins

the process that stops bleeding and creates a clot

hemostasis

the process that breaks down a clot

fibrinolysis

the process of producing formed elements

hemopoiesis

the process of producing red blood cells

erythropoiesis

the presence of red blood cells in urine

hematuria

the rupture of red blood cells

hemolysis

Iron from phagocytized red blood cells is transported in the bloodstream by the plasma protein ___.

transferrin

Bilirubin is transported in the bloodstream by the plasma protein ___

albumin

What occurs during the vascular phase?

Damaged endothelial cells release chemical factors and endothelins, causing vascular spasms and contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessel walls.

What occurs during the platelet phase?

Platelets attach to exposed fibers and endothelial surfaces, then release ADP, platelet factors, platelet-derived growth factor, and calcium ions.

What occurs during the coagulation phase?

Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin, resulting in blood clot formation.

Which shows the correct pathway for converting fibrin?

prothrombin --> thrombin --> fibrinogen--> fibrin