USHC.1 Colonial America to Revolutionary War - Question and Answer Flashcards

A set of question-and-answer flashcards covering colonial differences between the Northern and Southern regions, self-government and religion, push/pull factors, mercantilism, salutary neglect, migration, and major turning points of the American Revolution up to 1783.

What phrase symbolized colonial unity and the vision of a virtuous community in the early colonies?

City Upon a Hill.

What were key economic activities in the Northern colonies?

Shipping, trade, and smaller family farms (less plantation-based than the South).

What were key economic activities in the Southern colonies?

Plantations producing cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo.

Which colonial legislature is associated with Virginia?

Virginia House of Burgesses.

What form of local self-government was common in the New England towns?

Town Hall Meetings.

Which act promoted religious toleration in Maryland?

Maryland Toleration Act (1649).

Which religious groups were common in the colonies?

Anglicans, Huguenots, Quakers, and Puritans.

What was the Mayflower Compact?

A social contract establishing self-government by the Pilgrims.

What is salutary neglect?

British policy of lax enforcement of trade laws in the colonies in exchange for economic loyalty.

What are push and pull factors in colonial migration?

Push factors push Europeans to leave Europe (economic hardship, persecution); pull factors attract settlers to the colonies (land, opportunity, religious freedom).

What is Triangular Trade?

A transatlantic trade network linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas, including enslaved Africans and raw materials.

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary migration?

Voluntary migration is by choice; involuntary migration is forced, such as slavery.

Which conflict contributed to the end of salutary neglect?

The French and Indian War (1754–1763), which increased British debt and led to tighter imperial control.

Name two Acts that imposed taxes on the colonies after 1763.

Stamp Act and Townshend Duties.

Which pamphlet argued for American independence in 1776?

Common Sense by Thomas Paine.

Which document proclaimed independence in 1776?

The Declaration of Independence.

What plan proposed to unite the colonies for defense and governance?

The Albany Plan of Union (Benjamin Franklin); slogan: 'Join or Die'.

What was the purpose of the First Continental Congress (1774)?

To coordinate colonial response to the Intolerable Acts and organize resistance.

What was the significance of Lexington and Concord?

They were the first battles of the American Revolution.

What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?

A turning point that helped secure a Franco-American alliance.

What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown?

The final major victory that led to peace negotiations and American independence.

What treaty ended the American Revolutionary War?

The Treaty of Paris, 1783.

Which Enlightenment thinkers influenced the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke and Montesquieu.

What Enlightenment concept did Montesquieu influence in American government?

Separation of Powers.

What Enlightenment idea about rights influenced the Declaration?

Natural/Unalienable Rights (Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness) as argued by Locke.

What idea about economic systems did Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations promote in relation to American thought?

Capitalism (free market principles).

What sermon is associated with the First Great Awakening?

'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'.

Which major battles are listed as key turning points of the Revolution?

Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, Saratoga, Yorktown.

What was the purpose and outcome of the Treaty of Paris in 1783?

To recognize American independence and establish borders separating the U.S. from British North America.