Magnetism and Electromagnetism Flashcards

Flashcards covering magnetism and electromagnetism concepts.

Magnetism

Ability to exert forces on magnets or other magnetic materials.

Permanent Magnet

Material that keeps its magnetic properties even when not close to other magnets.

Magnetic Poles

North and South

N-pole

Points towards the Earth’s geographic North Pole.

S-pole

Points towards the Earth’s geographic South pole

Magnetic Field

All magnets create this in the space around them, and it creates forces on other magnets.

Magnetic Field Lines

Set of lines drawn to indicate the strength and direction of a magnetic field.

Direction of the Magnetic Field

The direction of the force on an N-pole placed at that point in the magnetic field.

Properties of magnetic Field Lines

Imaginary lines used to represent a magnetic field

Magnetic Field Lines

They never cross each other

Density of Field Lines

Corresponds to the strength of the magnetic field

Direction of Magnetic Field Lines

Away from a magnet’s north pole and toward its south pole.

Earth’s Magnetic Poles

Compass needle aligns itself to point to this.

Magnetic Poles & Geographic Poles

Not in the same location

North geographic pole

Magnetic S pole

South Geographic

Magnetic N pole

Electromagnetism

Related to magnetism. A current carrying conductor has a magnetic field associated with it.

Magnetic Fields

Moving electric charges produce this

Magnetic Field of a Straight Conductor

Series concentric circles centered on the conductor.

Field inside a Current Loop

Is stronger and field lines are closer

Solenoid

Made by winding an insulated conducting wire into many loops. Applying a current through this produces an electromagnet.

Magnetic Field of the Solenoid

Magnetic field inside each loop add to produce this.

Magnetic Field Lines

If you coil your right hand around a solenoid in the direction of the conventional current, your thumb points in the direction of

Solenoid Uses

Strong electromagnets are made with a core of iron, nickel or cobalt

Magnetic Field

Moving charges produce this.

Magnetic Fore

Charges moving in a magnetic field will experience this.

Force of a Magnetic Field

Depends on the amount of charge on the object (q), the strength of the magnetic field (B), the velocity the object is moving (v), and the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field (Ɵ).

Right-Hand Rule

Point your right thumb in the direction of the velocity of the charge (V), and your straight fingers in the direction of the magnetic field (B), then your palm will point in the direction of the resulting force.

Current

A flow of electrons in a conductor

Charged Particles

The force they experience is transferred to the conductor

Represents moving charges

Force on a Current Carrying Conductor

Electromagnetism Applications

Uses: Loudspeaker, Electric Bell, DC Motor

Mass Spectrometer

Defines elemental composition of a sample of molecule, revealing masses of particles and chemical structure of molecules

Mass Spectrometer Use

Used to study atoms and molecules

Mass Spectrometer Function

Atoms converted into ions and accelerated into a finely focused beam.

Magnetic Field

Varying this allows different ions to reach the detector.

Modern Accelerators

Modern circular accelerators place electromagnets around a circular copper tube to keep the particle beam focused.

Circular Accelerators

Propel particles around a circular track many times. At each pass, the magnetic field is strengthened so that the particle beam accelerates with each consecutive pass