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abhor
to detest, loathe, hate strongly
adamant
unyielding; firm in opinion
altercation
a heated argument
ambivalent
being uncertain, unable to decide between two opposing points of view; indecisive
amicable
friendly; peaceable
apathy
lack of interest
appease
to make calm or quiet; to give in to the demands of
arduous
difficult; requiring much effort; strenuous
audacity
insolence; rude boldness
avarice
excessive greed; desire for wealth
avid
eager; extremely interested
bawdy
indecent; humorously obscene
befuddle
to confuse; to perplex
cajole
to persuade with promises and flattery, coax
candid
outspoken, blunt; straightforward, honest
caustic
biting, sharp, severe, sarcastic; able to burn or corrode
chaos
complete disorder
chastise
to punish severely
circumvent
to bypass or go around; to avoid by cleverness
clandestine
secret
cliche
a worn-out idea or overused expression
coerce
to force a person to do something against his or her will; compel, force
collaborate
to work with another toward a goal
complacent
pleased with oneself or one’s deeds; contented
concur
to be of the same opinion; to agree with
condone
to forgive or overlook an offense by treating the wrongdoer as if there had been nothing wrong
connive
to cooperate secretly in a wrongdoing
connoisseur
an expert; an authority
contrite
showing regret and sorrow, usually for having committed some wrongdoing; remorseful, repentant
copious
abundant; large in number or quantity
crass
coarse, stupid, tasteless
credence
belief or trust
culmination
the apex, highest point; completion, finish
cult
a fad-like devotion to a person, thing, or idea; a group of people bound together by the same thing, person, or ideal
cynical
inclined to distrust or deny the goodness or sincerity of human motives; distrustful
decorum
conformity to accepted standards of conduct; proper behavior; etiquette
destitute
extremely poor; lacking necessities like food and shelter
dilemma
a difficult choice; especially a choice between two equally undesirable alternatives
divulge
to reveal something private or secret
docile
easy to teach or manage; submissive, compliant
dogmatic
stating an opinion in an authoritative, superior, or arrogant manner
emaciated
extremely thin, wasted away
emulate
to imitate; to try to equal or better
enamored
to be in love with
enhance
to increase; to raise to a higher degree or quality
enigma
a puzzling or seemingly inexplicable situation, person, etc.
enraptured
to be delighted, thrilled
enunciate
to pronounce words clearly and distinctly
ethnic
of or having to do with races or classes of people and their language, culture, history, etc.
evoke
to call forth; to draw forth
1st person point of view
when a character narrates the story with pronouns I-me-we-my-mine-us-ours in his or her speech
2nd person point of view
when the author uses you and your; rare; seldom speaks directly to the reader
3rd person limited point of view
employs the reader to enter only one character’s mind
3rd person objective point of view
narrator tells a story without describing any character’s thoughts, opinions, or feelings
3rd person omniscient point of view
an outside perspective exposing the thoughts of every character
act
a major division; a group of scenes forming part of a play
allegory
an extended metaphor where characters, places, and objects symbolize larger concepts
allusion
a reference to an historical event or figure
ambiguity
the use of language to suggest more than one meaning
anagnorisis
the startling discovery that produces a change from ignorance to wisdom
antagonist
a rival to the main character in a literary work
auditory imagery
words that appeal to sound
biblical allusion
a reference to a Biblical event or figure
character vs character
external conflict between two characters
character vs God
external conflict between a character and God
character vs nature
external conflict between a character and natural forces
character vs self
internal conflict within one’s mind
character vs society
external conflict between a character and social norms
character vs supernatural
conflict between a character and fictitious supernatural beings
character vs technology
conflict between a character and technological forces
characterization
the act of creating and developing imaginary characters in a story
cliche
an expression that has lost its freshness through repeated use
climax
the highest point of emotional impact in a story
comedy
literature meant to entertain and amuse
conflict
provides interest and suspense; opposing force to the protagonist
connotation
the implied or suggested meaning of a word
context clues
hints to understand unfamiliar words
denotation
the strict, literal meaning of a word
diacope
uninterrupted repetition with minimal words in between
dialogue
a conversation between characters
drama
imitated human action through actors
dramatic irony
difference between what a character knows and what the reader knows
dynamic character
a character who changes over time due to conflict or crises
ellipses
a device to omit parts of a sentence for reader interpretation
erotema
a rhetorical question posed for dramatic effect
euphemism
substituting a harsh term with a kinder one
exposition
introduction and opening scenes in a literature piece
falling action
events following the climax leading to resolution
flashback
interrupting current action to go to past events
foil character
a character contrasting with another to highlight traits
foreshadowing
hints of future outcomes in a narrative
genre
major categories a literary work fits into
gustatory imagery
taste imagery
historical allusion
a reference to a historical event
hubris
excessive pride leading to downfall
hyperbole
deliberate exaggeration for effect
imagery
words that appeal to the five senses
inference
conclusions drawn from details in a story
interjection
a part of speech showing emotion
irony
contrast between appearance and reality
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