AP Gov Summer Study

What is the Preamble?

It is the intro od the consitution

We the people…

How many articles are there?

7

What is the first article?

Establishes the congress or the legistlative branch - makes laws

What is the second article?

Establishes the president or the executive branch - enforces laws

What is the 3rd article?

It establishes the Judicial Branch - interprets laws

What is the 4th article?

Relatiomship between states and their powers and the federal government

What is the 5th article?

descibes how the constution can be amended - changes

What is the 6th article

Supremacy Clasue - Makes the consittion, federal law, and treaties the supreme law of the land over state laws

What is the 7th article?

Ratification (making valid) of the consitution

Popular Sovererighnty

the authroity of the government is created and sustained by the people

Limited Government

the government power is restricted by the consition to protect libertiesFe

Federalism

power is divided betwen national (federal) and the state government

Judicial Review

power of the court to determine if law or action conforms to the consitution

Seperation of powers

power is divided into 3 branches

Role of the legislative Branch

Set by the first Article

• Write and Pass LAws

• control government spending

• Declare war

  • Remove officials

What is the role of the executive branch

Set by the second article

• Enforce Laws and treaties

• Commands millitary and appoints federal judges + officials

  • can veto (reject legislatio

Judicial Branch

• interperets laws and resolves legal disbutes

• declares laws of exetucie acts uncositionoal (judicial review)

  • Protect rights and liberties

Checks and Balances

principle of government where each branch (executive, legislative, and judicial) has the power to limit the actions of the other branches, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful

Expressed Power

enumerated or expressed powers are those that are explicietly given by the consitution especially in article I section 8

Implied

• to make all laws which shall be nessecary …

  • This allows the government to take actions that are not listed → new laws + regulation

Reserved Power

powerds given to the state and citizens by the 10th amendment

Supremacy Clause

Found in Article VI and establishes the consition, federal law, and the treiateis as the supreme law of the lad over the state laws

Nessecary Clause

Allows congress to pass laws that are nesscary and proper for new issues that arise

Commerce Clause -

llets the congress regulate buisness and trade domestiaclly and internationally Du

Due Process clause

requires fair legal procedues before government can deprive someone of life, liberty, or property

Equal Protection Clause

14th amendmetn - prohibits state from denying equal protection by law - used for anti-descriimiation laws

1st Amendment

Freedom of speech, freedom, and press, assemply petition

2nd Amenment

Right to bear arms3

3rd Amendment

You cannot be forced to house soliders during time of peace or war

4th Amenment

You cannt be unreasobally searched or seized without probable cause

5th Amendment

Right to remain silent and due process

6th Amendment

Right to speedy Trail

7th Amendment

Right to get jury trail

8th Amendment

Protects people from exessive bail, fines, and cruel/unusual punishments

9th Aemendments

Rights not enumerated by the consitution does not limit the exisitence of other rights retamined by the people

10th Amenment

Powers not granted to federal government are reserved to the states and the people

12th Amenment

It is about how president and vice president are elected

13th Amendment

Elimitates slavery or involtuntary servitude

14th amendment

Establishes due process and equal proection under the law

-established birthright citizenship

15th amenment -

prohibits denial of voting rights based on color, race, etc

16th amenemnt

Allows congress to levy income tax

17th amenment

Mandates direct election by people of the U.S senators

18th Amendment

prohibited manufacture, sale, and transpritation of alchol but was later repealed

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote

20th amenment

Establishes Jannurary 20th as the start of a presidental term

21th Amenment

Repealed prhibition and gave the authoruty to the states

22 amenment

limits president to 2 terms

23 amenment

gave DC residents the right to vote for predident

24th amemnent

allows you to vote even if yo dont pay taexs

25th amendment

clarrifies presidental sucesession2

26th amenment

allows 18+ to vote