conclusion

global hunt

-worldwide search for chinese artifacts/knowledge

-Significance: Shows China’s role in global intellectual history.

the “turning points” in Chinese modernity

– Wars, reforms, foreign encounters.

-Significance: Mark key shifts in China’s path to modernity.

historical contingency

-events depend on specific circumstances

-Significance: Challenges “inevitable history” thinking.

uncertainty

-outcomes arent predictable

-Significance: Encourages flexible, non-linear historical understanding.

nuance

-avoid oversimplification

-Significance: Essential for accurate interpretation of East Asian history.

interconnection

-regions influence each other

-Significance: Shows East Asia is part of global networks.