Official Forestry Terms in Philippines (21-35)

FOREST LAND GRAZING LEASE AGREEMENT

A long-term privilege granted by the state to a person to occupy and possess in consideration of a specified rentals and regulation, any forest land of the public found suited for grazing purposes, in order to undertake any authorized activity.

FOREST LAND GRAZING MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

A production sharing agreement between a qualified person, association and/or corporation and the government to develop, manage and utilize grazing lands.

FOREST MANAGEMENT

The process of planning and implementing practices for stewardship and use of forest land aimed at fulfilling relevant ecological, economic, and social function of the forest in a sustainable manner

FOREST MANAGEMENT UNIT

A clearly defined forest area, managed under a set of objectives and according to a long-term management plan.

FOREST OCCUPANT

A person actually and directly occupying and/or cultivating forest land including civil, military and other forest reservations.

FOREST PRODUCTS

Goods and services derived from the forest such as but limited to timber, lumber, veneer, plywood, fiberboard, pulpwood, firewood, bark, tree top, resin gum, wood oil, honey, beeswax, nipa, rattan or other forest growth such as grass, shrub and flowering plant, the associated water, fish, game, scenic, historical, and educational.

FOREST PRODUCTIVITY

The rate at which biomass is produced per unit area by any class of organisms or the relative capacity of an area to sustain a supply of goods or services in the long run.

FOREST REGULATION

The technical aspect of controlling stock, harvest growth, and yields to meet a certain management objective.

FOREST RESERVATION

Forest land which has been reserved by the President of the Philippines for any specific purpose or purposes.

FOREST RESERVE

Land of the public domain which has been a subject of the present system of classification and declared to be needed for forest purposes.

FOREST RESERVE

Also known as Permanent Forest.

FOREST RESOURCES

Includes soil and all elements found on it, above and below the ground in an area classified as forest land.

FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

The application of integrated and sustainable development, regulation, production and conservation strategies for each of the different forest resources.

FOREST RESTORATION

A management strategy applied in degraded primary forest to enhance and accelerate natural processes of forest regeneration in order to regain the elastic capacity of the forest ecosystem.

FOREST SERVICES

Services that forests provide (economic and ecological) to people, plants and animals.

FOREST SERVICES

Key services and biodiversity, ecotourism, forest carbon, and watershed protection.

FOREST TYPE

A community with generally similar species composition, structure and function.

FORESTED WETLANDS

Forested wetland growing along tidal mudflats and along shallow water coastal areas extending inland along rivers, streams and their tributaries where the water is generally brackish and composed mainly of Rhizopora, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Avicenia, Aegicera spp.

FORESTRY

The profession embracing the science, art and practice of creating, managing, using and conserving forests and associated resources for human benefit in a sustainable manner to meet desired goals, needs and values.

FUELWOOD

Wood used as fuel for purposes of cooking, heating or power production.

GAME REFUGE

A forest land designated for the protection of game animals, birds and fish, and closed to hunting and fishing in order that the excess population may flow and restock surrounding areas.

GAP

The space occurring in a forest community due to individual or group tree mortality or blow down.

GENETIC MATERIAL

Any material of plant, animal, microbe or other origin containing functional units of heredity.

GENETIC RESOURCE

Genetic material with actual or potential value.

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM

An organism that underwent any process of genetic modification.

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM

Also known as Genetically Engineered Organism.

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

An integrated system of hardware, software, personnel and procedures for the capture, storage, analysis, manipulation and display of graphically referenced data for decision making.

GLUE SPREAD

A mass of adhesive mix applied per unit area of veneer or laminates, usually expressed in grams per square meter.

GLUE LINE

A layer of adhesive that attaches two veneers or laminates together.

GLEAM

A wooden member formed by gluing a set of boards or planks so that the grain of all laminations is essentially parallel to the length of the member.

GLEAM

Also known as glued-laminated wood.

GRADE

The quality designation of logs or lumber.

GRAIN

The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or quality of the fibers in lumber or other wood products.

GRASS

A member of the family Poaceae graminae.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

The effect produced as greenhouse gases allow incoming solar radiation to pass through the earth's atmosphere, but prevent part of the outgoing infrared radiation from the earth's surface and lower atmosphere from escaping into outer space

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Synonymous to GLOBAL WARMING.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

This process occurs naturally and has kept the earth's temperature about 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius) warmer than it would otherwise be. Current life on earth could not be sustained without the natural greenhouse effect.

GREENHOUSE GASES

Those gaseous constituents of the atmosphere both natural anthropogenic, that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. The major Gags are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Less prevalent – but very powerful – greenhouse gases are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

GROUND WATER

Water in the ground that is in the zone of saturation, from which wells, springs and ground water and runoff are supplied.

GROWING STOCK

An area with significant habitat and species values where management practices are required periodically to maintain specific non-climax habitat types or conditions required by rare, threatened or endangered species.

GROWTH RING

A growth layer produced by a tree in a single growth year.

GUM

A comprehensive term for non-volatile viscous plant exudates, which either dissolve or swell up in contact with water.

HABITAT

A place or environment where a species or subspecies naturally established its population.

HABITAT LOSS

The permanent conversion of the habitat to an area where the original species can no longer exist.

HABITAT MANAGEMENT ZONE

A portion of the protected area which has significant habitat and species values where management practices are required periodically to maintain specific non-climax habitat types or conditions required by rare, threatened or endangered species.

HABITAT MANAGEMENT ZONE

Examples would be forest openings for the tamaraw or brushy forest for the Philippine tarsier. Human habitation and sustainable use may be allowed if they play a habitat management role.

HARDBOARD

A generic term for panel products manufactured primarily from interfelted ligno cellulosic fibers (usually wood), consolidated under heat and pressure in a hot press to a density of 800 kilogram per cubic meter of greater, and to which other materials may have added during manufacture to improved certain properties.

HARDENER

A substance or mixture of substances added to an adhesive to promote or control the curing reaction by taking part in it.

HARDNESS

Resistance of wood to indentation.

HARDWOOD

Botanical group that refers to trees that have vessels or pores, broad leaves and with seeds borne in ovaries.

HEADWATERS

The upper reaches of a stream or river.

HEALTHY RESIDUAL

A sound or slightly injured tree of the commercial species left after logging.

HEARTWOOD

The wood extending from the pitch to the sapwood, the cells of which no longer participate in the life processes of the tree.

HEMICELLULOSE

A cellulose-like material that is easily decomposable by dilute acid, yielding several different simple sugars.

HONEYCOMBING

Checks, often not visible at the surface, that occur at the interior of a piece of wood, usually along the wood rays.

HOT MELT ADHESIVE

A thermoplastic adhesive that is applied in a molten state and forms a bond on cooling to a solid state.

INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES/INDIGENOUS PEOPLES (ICCs/IPs)

Include people who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of non-indigenous religious religions and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have resettled outside their ancestral domains.

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS AND PRACTICES

Systems, institutions, mechanisms, and technologies comprising a unique body of knowledge evolved through time that embody patterns of relationships between and among people and between people, their lands and resource environment, including such spheres of relationships which may include social, political, cultural, economic, religious spheres, and which are the direct outcome of the indigenous people's responses to certain needs consisting of adaptive mechanisms which have allowed indigenous people to survive and thrive within their given socio-cultural and biophysical conditions

INDIGENOUS SPECIES

Species or genotypes that have evolved in the same area, region or biotope and are adapted to the specific predominant ecological conditions at the time of establishment.

INDUSTRIAL FOREST PLANTATION

Any tract of land planted mainly to timber producing species, including rubber, and/or non-timber species such as rattan and bamboo, primarily to supply the raw material requirements of existing or proposed wood processing plants and related industries.

INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD

All round wood except fuel wood comprising of saw logs, veneer logs, and round and split pulpwood.

INFILTRATION

The movement of water through the soil surface into the ground.

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT LAND USE

An area where infrastructure development can occur. Includes special economic zones, grasslands and ancestral domains.

INITIAL ENVIRONMENT EXAMINATION (IEE)

The document required from a proponent describing the environmental impact of, and mitigation of and enhancement measures of a project of undertaking located in an environmental critical area.

INLAND WATER

The bodies of water surrounded by land (e.g. rives, lakes, streams, mudflats, ponds/fishponds, dams and reservoirs).

IN-SITU CONSERVATION

Conditions where genetic resources exist within ecosystems and natural habitats, and in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties.

INSULATION BOARD

A fiberboard with density not exceeding 500 kg per cubic meter.

INTEGRATED FOREST MANAGEMENT (IFMA)

(IFMA) An agreement entered into by the DENR and a qualified person to occupy and possess in consideration of a specified rental, any forestland of the public domain in order to establish as industrial forest.

INTEGRATED SOCIAL FORESTRY

The national program provided for by Letter of Instructions (LOI) No. 1260 designated to maximize land productivity and enhance ecological stability, and to improve the socio-economic conditions of forest occupants and communities.

INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT (WEM Approach)

The development and management of forest and forestlands including the coastal forest in a holistic, scientific, right-based, technology-based, community-based and collaborative manner for the highest and widest public benefit and based on the inherent productive capacity and sustainable use of these resources for the present and future generations.

INTERCEPTION

The deposition of rainfall on vegetation as through fall or stem flow, or evaporated/sublimated to the atmosphere, or absorbed by the vegetation.

INTERIOR PLYWOOD

Plywood designed for indoor applications usually bonded with urea formaldehyde resin.

INTERMEDIATE TREE

A tree whose crown cover extends into the lower portion of the main canopy of even-aged stands or, in uneven-aged stands into the lower portion of the canopy formed by the tree's immediate neighbors but shorter in height than the co-dominant and receiving little direct light from above and no direct light from the side.

INTRODUCED SPECIES

Synonymous to EXOTIC SPECIES

INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES

Species introduced deliberately or unintentionally outside their natural habitat where they have the ability to establish themselves, invade, or compete with native species and take over the new environment.

INVASIVE SPECIES

Species of flora and fauna which may be accidentally or deliberately introduced to an area that may cause or likely to cause economic, environmental damage, and harm to human health.

IRRIGATION WATER

Portion of a runoff that is being used in irrigation. The intentional application of water to the soil usually for the purpose of crop production.

JOINT

The junction of two or more pieces of wood.

JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENT

An agreement where a joint venture company is organized by its government and the contractor with both parties having equity shares. Aside from earnings in equity, the government is entitled to a shared in the gross output.

JUVENILE WOOD

The wood formed adjacent to the pith, characterized by progressive change in cell dimension, different microstructure than mature wood, and greater shrinkage parallel to the grain.

KAINGIN

A portion of the forest land, whether occupied or not which is subjected to shifting and/or permanent slash-and-burn cultivation having little or no provision to prevent soil erosion.

KAINGIN MAKING

A farming system based on shifting, or slash and burn clearing of forest for the planting of agricultural and agro-forestry crops.

KEYSTONE SPECIES

Species that influence the ecological composition, structure or functioning of its community far more than its abundance.

KILN

A chamber having a controlled airflow, temperature, and relative humidity for drying lumber, veneer and other wood products.

KNOCKED-DOWN PRODUCT

A product sold unassembled or partially assembled.

KNOT

LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL)

A structural lumber manufactured by veneers laminated into a panel with the grain of all veneer running parallel to each other

LAND

Resources both man-made and natural, found on the surface, below, and above the ground including inland waters and the air therein.

LAND CAPABILITY CLASSIFICATION

A measure of the physical capacity of a location to support a specific land use. This capacity may be due to natural or man-made characteristics.

LAND CLASSIFICATION

A system for determining land of the public domain into forest land, mineral land, national parks, and agricultural land based on the 1987 Constitution. In current practice, land of the public domain are classified into either forest land and alienable & disposable land.

LAND COVER

The observed physical and biological cover of the earth's land, as vegetation and man-made features.

LAND EVALUATION

A process whereby the potential of land for the particular use is estimated. It may be categorized as qualitative, quantitative, or economic.

LAND MANAGEMENT UNIT

A recurring pattern of land, soil types associated with relatively uniform land use, vegetation and parent materials.

LAND MANAGEMENT UNIT

It serves as basis for the integration of field and resource information and suitability rating for different crops and land uses.

LAND MAPPING UNIT

A subdivision of agro-climate zone mostly homogenous with regard to slope, slope length, and soil characteristics.