W5 Joint disorders

Hip dysplasia breed & signs

German shepherds, Labradors, rotweilers, bulldogs, burmese

Hindlimb lameness, stiffness, reluctant to exercise

Hip dysplasia diagnosis, management

• Physical examination examine gait

• Radiography

Weight management, modified exercise, medication , hydrotherapy, surgery, long term analgesia e.g. NSAIDs

Hip dysplasia KC scheme

Radiology screening program evaluates dog x-rays to detect hip joint abnormalities, reduce incidence of hip dysplasia

Elbow dysplasia

Strong hereditary component

Examine gait, radiography

Weight control, pain medication, supplements, controlled exercise

Elbow dysplasia diagnostics

Radiography

Computed tomography

• Identify specific lesions

• Surgical planning

Arthoscopy

• Direct visualisation of cartilage and joint pathology

Elbow dysplasia common primary lesions

• Fragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP)

• Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of medial humeral condyle

• Ununited anconeal process (UAP)

• Elbow incongruity

Elbow dysplasia management

• Weight management

• Controlled exercise

• NSAIDs

• Analgesia (gabapentin, amantadine(

• Joint supplements

• Physiotherapy and hydrotherapy

• Surgery - arthroscopy, treat ocd lesion, corrective surgery

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD)

Signs: ataxic limbs

Radiography

Surgery

Cruciate disease

Rottweilers, newfoundlands, mastiffs, staffordshire terrier

Examination, radiography

TPLO, lateral suture, TTA

strict crane rest, reduce exercise

Osteochondrosis dissecans OCD

Carilage becomes abnormally thickened, can not obtain enough nutrients, parts crack away, formed flap/shard

Osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint condition, age related

Cartilage loss, bone changes, inflammation

Degenerative joint disease arthritis

Specific signs improves with exercise

Pain relief: NSAIDs, diet, glycoaminoglycans

Immune-mediated e.g. idiopathic polyarthritis,

Pyrexia, inappetence

Immunosuppression

Infectious arthritis

Pyrexia, inappetenece

Antibiotics, pain relief

Nutraceutical

Reduces inflammation, improve ability and comfort

Nutraceutical ingredients

• Glucosamine - cartilage building & repair

• Chondroitin - slow cartilage breakdown, improves cushioning

• Omega-3s - reduce inflammation

• Green-lipped mussel - provides GAGs, omega-3s, hyaluronic acids,

• Antioxidants - reduce oxidative stress, support cartilage

Diet supporting joint health

• Control inflammation

• Support cartilage structure

• Manage body weight to reduce mechanical stress

Pharmacologial treatment of musculoskeletal pain

• Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Loxicom, meloxicom)

• Opiods (Methadone, buprenorphine, butorphanol)

• Monoclonal antibodies (Librela)

NSAIDs - Metacam (Meloxicom)

Alleviate inflammation/pain in acute and chronic musculoskeletal disorders

Oral administration food/direct mouth

SE: Appetite loss, lethargy, V/D, faecal blood

Dispose according to local requirements

Opiods - Duragesic (Fentanyl)

Ongoing management of pain e.g. following surgery

Transdermal patch,

SE: bradycardia, skin reactions, PP, nausea

Scheduled CD, wear gloves, denature kit, witness

Monoclonal antibodies - Librela

Alleviate pain with osteoarthritis

SE: Diarrhoea, emesis, ataxia, PU, anorexia, lethargy

Cytotoxic waste