LUOA Biology

For all students of LUOA taking Biology

Arteries.

carries blood away from the heart

Heart.

large, thick muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body

Atria.

two upper chambers of the heart

Ventricles.

two lower chambers of the heart

atrioventricular valves.

separates the atria from the ventricles

mitral valve.

valve on the left

tricuspid valve.

valve on the right

septum.

thick wall separating the oxygenated blood from unoxygenated blood

veins.

carries blood to the heart and lungs

capillaries.

thin vessels that allow oxygen and other nutrients to diffuse into the cell

Alveoli.

small air sacs found in the lungs that allow for rapid gas exchange

Bronchi.

airways in the respiratory tract that transport air into the lungs

Diaphragm.

structure that contracts to draw air into the lungs

Epiglottis.

flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the windpipe during swallowing

Larynx.

organ that holds the vocal cords and forms a passageway for air to travel to the lungs

Pharynx.

cavity behind the nose and mouth that connects to the esophagus

Trachea.

membranous tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi; windpipe

Septum.

Partition that separates two chambers

Ventricle.

One of two chambers of the heart that receives blood from an atrium and sends blood to the arteries

Atrium.

One of two chambers in the heart that collects blood

Capillaries.

thin vessels that allow oxygen and other nutrients to diffuse into the cell

Heart.

large, thick muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body

Atria.

two upper chambers of the heart

Ventricles.

two lower chambers of the heart

atrioventricular valves.

separates the atria from the ventricles

mitral valve.

valve on the left

tricuspid valve.

valve on the right

septum.

thick wall separating the oxygenated blood from unoxygenated blood

arteries.

carries blood away from the heart

veins.

carries blood to the heart and lungs

capillaries.

thin vessels that allow oxygen and other nutrients to diffuse into the cell

Alveoli.

Small air sacs found in the lungs that allow for rapid gas exchange

Bronchi.

Airways in the respiratory tract that transport air into the lungs

Diaphragm.

Structure that contracts to draw air into the lungs

Alveoli.

small air sacs found in the lungs that allow for rapid gas exchange

Bronchi.

airways in the respiratory tract that transport air into the lungs

Diaphragm.

structure that contracts to draw air into the lungs

Epiglottis.

flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the windpipe during swallowing

Larynx.

organ that holds the vocal cords and forms a passageway for air to travel to the lungs

Pharynx.

cavity behind the nose and mouth that connects to the esophagus

Trachea.

membranous tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi; windpipe

Tendon.

strong, fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Skeletal Muscle.

voluntary, striated muscle that attaches bones and tendons together

Musculoskeletal System.

combination of the muscular and skeletal systems involved in the movement of the body

Cardiac Muscle.

involuntary, striated muscle of the heart involved in pumping blood throughout the body

Smooth Muscle.

non-striated, involuntary muscle found in the walls of bodily organs

Marrow.

soft tissue found in bones that contribute to blood cell production

Stomach.

mixes food with acids to create chyme

Mouth.

where food enters the body and digestion begins

Esophagus.

tube-like structure that passes food into the stomach

Epiglottis.

small flap below the pharynx that prevents food from entering the path to the lungs

Trachea.

windpipe

Small intestine.

long tube where proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are further broken down.

Pancreas.

where pancreatic juices and sodium bicarbonate are stored

Large intestine.

site where water absorption begins and solid waste is formed

Gall bladder.

storage of bile

Liver.

where bile is produced

Anus.

where solid waste exits the body

Myelin.

A fatty substance that covers the nerves and increases the speed of signals

Nerves.

The fibers responsible for sending impulses

Neurons.

Nerve cells

Autonomic System.

Division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily function

Somatic System.

Division of the peripheral nervous system involved with voluntary movement

Axon.

Long, thread-like part of a nerve cell that conducts impulses from cell to cell

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

System of nerves that connects the CNS to other parts of the body

Dendrite.

Short, branched extension of a nerve cell that receives and transmits impulses

Nerve.

Fibers that transmit impulses through the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs

Neuron.

Specialized cells that join to create nerves

Neurotransmitter.

Chemicals released from axon terminals that transfer impulses from between nerve fibers

Brain Stem.

Located on the lower portion of the brain and continues downward to form the spinal cord

Central Nervous System (CNS).

Composed of the brain and spinal cord and controls the activities of the body

Cerebellum.

Part of the brain that coordinates and regulates muscular activity

Myelin.

Sheath around nerve fibers that provides insulation and increases the speed of impulses

Spinal Cord.

The "highway" in which communication is sent between the brain and the body

Cerebrum.

Part of the brain located in the front of the skull that controls senses

Hormones.

transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another

Glands.

groups of cells that produce chemicals

Endocrine glands.

ductless glands of internal secretions

Exocrine glands.

glands of external secretions

Pineal gland.

secretes melatonin which regulates sleep

Adrenal gland.

secretes cortisol and adrenaline which regulate the body's response to stress

Pituitary gland.

secretes several hormones and called the "Master Gland"

Thyroid gland.

secretes T-3 and T-4 which helps regulate the metabolism

Keratin.

Protein that aids in waterproofing skin

Dermis.

Middle layer of skin containing tough connective tissue

Epidermis.

Outermost, visible layer of skin

Melanin.

A pigment that gives skin color and some protection from the sun

Hypodermis.

Innermost layer of skin composed of fat and connective tissue

Hair shaft.

The visible part of the hair that extends out of the skin

Follicle.

A small tube beneath the skin the contains the hair root

Arrector pili.

Small muscles attached to the hair follicle that result in "goosebumps" when contracted.

Keratinization.

Cells in the roots of the nails become flattened and harden due to keratin proteins

Nail root.

Located underneath the nail cuticle

Cuticle.

The nail fold that grows onto the nail body

Nail matrix.

Creates new cells; where nails begin to grow

Nail body.

The visible portion of the nail

What are odorants?

Odor molecules

Where do odorants dissolve?

The olfactory epithelium

Outer ear.

Collects sound waves

Auricle.

External part of the ear