Dairy Processing Lecture

Flashcards about Dairy Processing Lecture - Vocabulary Style

Milk

Milk produced by all mammals after they give birth, with cows being the most efficient source for human consumption.

Milk Composition

Water (87.4%), Solids (12.6%) including Fat (3.7%), Non-Fat (8.9%), Protein (3.4%), Carbohydrates (4.8%), and Minerals (0.7%).

Milk Protein

Includes casein (80%) and whey (watery component).

Milk Minerals

Includes calcium and other primary minerals like K, P, Mg, Na, Cl, S.

Milk Vitamins

Vitamins A, D, and riboflavin (B).

Food Processing

Processing of food after it leaves the farm and before a consumer purchases it for safety or longevity.

Pasteurization

Food preservation process in which liquids are heated to a specified temperature for a given amount of time to destroy most microorganisms.

Chemical Change

The breaking or forming of bonds between molecules or atoms, making at least one new substance (a chemical reaction).

Physical Change

Material involved in the change is structurally the same before and after the change.

Whipped Cream

A dairy product that undergoes a physical change during processing.

Dry Milk

A dairy product that undergoes a physical change during processing.

Condensed Milk

A dairy product that undergoes a chemical change during processing through crystallization and gelation.

Yogurt

A dairy product that undergoes a chemical change during processing - fermentation.

Cheese

A dairy product that undergoes a chemical change during processing through fermentation.

Ice Cream

A dairy product that undergoes a physical process.

Sour Cream

A dairy product that undergoes chemical modification through fermentation by LAB (lactic acid bacteria).

Butter

A dairy product that undergoes a physical change through churning, and potentially a chemical change depending on starter cultures.

Buttermilk

A dairy product that undergoes a physical change because it is separated from fresh cream, unless cultures are specifically added.

Cottage Cheese

A dairy product that undergoes a chemical change.