From Cells to Multicellular Organisms - Transport Systems and Blood Composition

Tissue fluid

________ surrounds all individual cells and is the conduit for gases and nutrients in the blood.

Blood moves through our

arteries, veins and capillaries via our circulatory system. This system is vital for gas exchange.

Lymph fluid

________ is fundamental in our immune system as this is where white blood cells are stored.

In humans (and most mammals), material is typically transported in a liquid medium. These are:

1. Tissue fluid (or intercellular fluid)
2. Blood
3. Lymph

Thrombin

________ (a clotting factor) then converts fibrinogen in blood plasma into strands of fibrin which form a ‘ net and start the healing process.

haem group

Each ________ can carry one oxygen molecule.

Erythrocytes

________ have a biconcave shape which maximises their SA: V ratio.

Explain how the structure of erythrocytes aids its function.

Erythrocytes have a biconcave shape which maximises their SA:V ratio. This aids with oxygen capacity and allows them to fit through narrow capillaries is your extremities

Haemoglobin is …

the red pigment in erythrocytes and it attracts oxygen

Identify the constituents of blood

1. Erythrocytes (Red blood cells)
2. Leucocytes (White blood cells)
3. Plasma proteins
4. Platelets

A low amount of haemoglobin due to lack of RBC’s is called

Anaemia

Blood clotting is essential when

external (or internal) tissue is damaged.

Blood clotting process

1. You cut yourself on a shard of glass.
2. __Platelets__ then adhere to your damaged tissue and release a lipoprotein called __thromboplastin__.
3. This attracts more platelets to the site of the tissue damage to ‘plug’ the area.


1. __Thrombin__ (a clotting factor) then converts __fibrinogen__ in blood plasma into strands of __fibrin__ which form a ‘net’ and start the healing process.

Explain why it is important for large organisms to have transport systems.

Mass transport systems help to:

* Bring substances quickly from one exchange site to another
* **Maintain the diffusion gradients** at exchange sites and between cells and their fluid surroundings
* Ensure **effective cell activity** by keeping the immediate fluid environment of cells within a suitable metabolic range