Media Communication and Media Studies

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions of culture, socialization processes, and various cultural types (Traditional, Mass, Classical, Popular, Media, and Global) as discussed in the lecture notes.

Culture (Sinhala: ixialD;sh)

The heart of the living way within a society; it exists because of society and society exists because of it.

Culture (Latin Origin)

Derived from the Latin words "Cultu" and "Colere," which mean to cultivate, grow, or prepare.

Marcus Porcius Cato ($234-149$)

The first to use the term "Culture" specifically in relation to "Agriculture."

Marcus Tullius Cicero ($106-43$)

A Roman orator and philosopher who used the term to describe philosophy as the "culture of the soul and mind."

Samuel Pufendorf

A $17^{th}$-century German jurist who defined culture as the result of artificial human activity.

E.B. Tylor ($1871$)

Author of "Primitive culture" who defined culture as a complex whole including knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, and customs acquired by humans as members of society.

B. Malinowski ($1944$)

Author of "Scientific Theory of Culture" who defined culture as a totality of tools, consumer goods, social structures, human concepts, and customs.

Joseph Dominick ($2010$)

Author of "Dynamic of Mass Communication" who defined culture as a complex process of shared values and activities that bind society together.

Socialization (Sinhala: zziudcdkqfhdackhZZ)

The process of training and adapting an individual to live in accordance with the expectations and norms of their society.

Institutions of Socialization

Entities that shape an individual from a young age, including the family, school, religious places, political parties, universities, and mass media.

Traditional Culture

A culture based on sacred symbol systems and traditional knowledge, often rooted in the environment and agricultural lifestyle.

Mass Culture (Sinhala: ck ixialD;sh)

A culture representing the needs and interests of the majority of society; the term was used in $1975$ by David White and Bernard Rosenberg.

Classical Culture (Sinhala: iïNdjH ixialD;sh)

A high-level culture based on intellectualism and philosophy, created by individuals with specialized artistic and mental skills.

Popular Culture (Sinhala: ckm%sh ixialD;sh)

A simple, mass-produced, and shallow culture driven by mass media and commercialization that is accessible to everyone.

Media Culture (Sinhala: udOH ixialD;sh)

The totality of human activities mediated by communication technology; the term emerged in the third quarter of the $20^{th}$ century.

Walter Benjamin

A scholar who provided the conceptual foundation for media culture, specifically focusing on the relationship between art and technical reproduction.

Marshall McLuhan's Three Eras

The historical stages of human civilization categorized as the Pre-literate cultural era, the Written/Print cultural era, and the Visual cultural era.

Global Culture (Sinhala: f.da,Sh ixialD;sh)

A mass culture spreading worldwide under the influence of global economic powers, often eroding specific national and ethnic cultures.

Intercultural Communication

A process of mutual understanding and exchange between parties belonging to different national or ethnic cultures.

Foreign Service Institute ($1947$)

A US government institution formed to develop education in intercultural, cross-cultural, and inter-ethnic communication.

John McLean ($1981$)

The first to use the concepts of globalization and global tradition in a formal context.

Robertson ($1985$)

The scholar who formally presented the specific idea of "Global Culture."

Global Village

A concept further analyzed by Marshall McLuhan to describe a world interconnected by electronic media.