Wk. 11 - Dialysis Practice Questions Foreign Language

A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is being evaluated for dialysis. Which clinical finding would most likely indicate the need for immediate dialysis? a. GFR of 35 mL/min/1.73 m² b. Serum potassium level of 5.0 mEq/L c. Signs of uremic encephalopathy d. Hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL

C

A nurse is preparing to assess the patency of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula. What is the correct method? a. Apply a tourniquet above the site and observe for venous filling. b. Palpate for a "thrill" and auscultate for a "bruit." c. Flush the fistula with heparinized saline. d. Check capillary refill in the fingers of the affected arm.

B

A patient receiving hemodialysis suddenly develops nausea, headache, and confusion. What is the most likely cause? a. Peritonitis b. Disequilibrium syndrome c. Hyperkalemia d. Hypoglycemia

B

Which of the following is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis over in-center hemodialysis? a. Lower risk of infection b. Less protein loss c. More flexible schedule d. No need for a permanent catheter

C

A patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis reports cloudy effluent, abdominal pain, and nausea. What is the nurse’s priority action? a. Increase protein intake b. Administer antibiotics as ordered c. Encourage ambulation d. Apply warm compresses to the abdomen

B

A nurse is educating a patient on dietary restrictions while receiving hemodialysis. Which dietary modifications are appropriate? (Select all that apply.) a. Low potassium intake b. Low phosphorus intake c. High fluid intake d. High protein intake e. Low sodium intake

A,B,E

Which conditions are absolute indications for initiating dialysis? (Select all that apply.) a. Pulmonary edema unresponsive to diuretics b. Serum creatinine of 1.2 mg/dL c. Hyperkalemia with ECG changes d. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis e. Uremic pericarditis

A,C,D,E

The nurse is teaching a patient about home hemodialysis. What are potential disadvantages? (Select all that apply.) a. Requires extensive training b. Greater risk of infection than in-center dialysis c. Increased flexibility in scheduling d. Requires storage space for equipment e. Potential for complications at home

A,D,E

A patient undergoing hemodialysis is at risk for which complications? (Select all that apply.) a. Hypotension b. Blood-borne infections c. Hyperkalemia d. Muscle cramps e. Disequilibrium syndrome

A,B,D,E

The nurse is assessing a patient with a newly placed AV fistula. What are important nursing considerations? (Select all that apply.) a. Avoid blood pressure measurements in the affected arm b. Monitor for signs of infection c. Encourage heavy lifting to strengthen the fistula d. Assess for a bruit and thrill regularly e. Apply warm compresses daily

A, B, D

True or False: Osmosis is the process by which solutes move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in dialysis.

False

True or False: An arteriovenous graft (AVG) has a lower risk of infection than an arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

False

True or False: Hemodialysis removes waste products and excess fluid by applying a pressure gradient across a semipermeable membrane.

True

True or False: Peritoneal dialysis is contraindicated in patients with a history of multiple abdominal surgeries.

True

True or False: Patients on peritoneal dialysis generally require fewer dietary restrictions compared to those on hemodialysis.

True

A patient receiving hemodialysis complains of dizziness and muscle cramps during treatment. What should the nurse do first? a. Increase the rate of fluid removal b. Lower the patient’s legs and slow fluid removal c. Administer hypertonic saline d. Give a potassium supplement

B

A patient is scheduled for an arteriovenous fistula placement. Which preoperative instruction is most important? a. “You must remain NPO for 24 hours before the procedure.” b. “Avoid using the arm for blood draws before surgery.” c. “Your fistula will be ready for use immediately after surgery.” d. “Expect to experience significant pain postoperatively.”

B

A nurse is providing care to a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Which finding requires immediate intervention? a. Weight loss of 2 lbs over a week b. Clear, straw-colored effluent c. Blood-tinged effluent after catheter insertion d. Cloudy effluent with abdominal tenderness

D

A patient with CKD on hemodialysis is prescribed erythropoietin. What is the rationale for this medication? a. To prevent clot formation in the dialyzer b. To reduce potassium levels c. To stimulate red blood cell production d. To improve calcium absorption

C

A nurse is monitoring a patient for complications of peritoneal dialysis. Which symptom suggests peritonitis? a. Bradycardia and hypertension b. Cloudy dialysate and abdominal pain c. Hyperglycemia and thirst d. Frothy, foul-smelling stool

B