CE2010

What is assumed when a aqueous solution is saturated with N2O

All electrons are converted into OH*radicals —> G OH* = Ge + GOH

What is nuclear chemistry (4)

What is the LET

What are the 3 stages of radiolysis of water

What are the products for hydrolysis of water(5) and what are their properties

What is the G-value and what does it depend on

Depends on:

1. LET

2. Temperature

What is the relationship between concentration of product and the radiochemical yield

How does ionizing radiation interact with:

1. Proteins

2. DNA

What is the equivalent dose

wR= 1 for gamma and B-

[Sv]

What is the effective equivalent dose

[Sv]

What different “iso” are there (4)

What forces act within the nucleus

Electromagnetic force = repelling

Strong nuclear force = attractive

Ratio between them depends on distance

What is the reaction for electron capture

z-1 since inner electron is captured by nucleus

—> neutron

What is the reaction for alpha decay

What is the raction for B- decay

How many Gy is a Ci

For a polyequilibrium, what is the decay constant and half time life

What is issues with using low concentrations radionuclides

What is a carrier and how are they used

What us the basic prininciple for a nuclear power plant

What are the components of a nuclear reactor

What is the effective neutron multiplication factor

What is the difference between a fast and thermal neutron

Moderator is for slow neutron down to make it thermal

What is the void coefficient

How does a BWR work and does one control it

How does a PWR work and does one control it

What is the difference between a BWR and PWR

Different types of fuel assemlies:

BWR: Lighter, fewer rods (63), negative void coefficient, heat boils water which drives turbine

PWR: Heavier, more rods (204-264), large negative void coefficent, heats pressurized water —>superheats it —> heat exchanges with secondary water which boils and drives turbine

What are other types of reactors

CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium): positive void coefficient on purpose, too hot —> rods bent —> less neutron capture

RBMK = chernobyl: very high void coefficient

How did the natrual reactor in Oklo work

O2 levels had to be high enough to make U more mobile —> accumulate

What are the frontend steps in the nuclear fuel cycle

1. Mining

2. Milling

3. Enrichment

4. Conversion

5. Fuel fabrication

How do you turn ore to fuel (6)

How do you turn ore to yellowcake

1. Leach

2. Extract

3. Percipitation

How do you enrich the fuel (3)

Separate using difference in mass

What are the back end options for the nuclear fuel cycle

What is the principle of fuel recycling/reprocessing

Separate through PUREX (Plutionium Uranium Recovery by Extraction)

What is the principle of fuel transmutation

EX) Tc-99 to Tc-100 to Ru-100

What different types of storages are there

How does the Swedish KBS-3 system work (important)

What are the origin of radionuclides in nature

How do radionuclides spread in marine and land ecosystems

What is the difference between radiology, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine

Radiology = Uses nuclear imaging to diagnose and treat/guide

Radiotherapy: Use ionizing therapy to kill/control cancer

Nuclear medicine: Uses radioactive substances as internal source in diagnosis and treatment

How are X-rays produced

X-ray Tube

How do CT scans work

How do PET scans work

How do SPECT work

What are two examples of external radiotherapy

What are two examples of internal beam radiotherapy

What are 7 industrial applications in non-nuclear sectors and how do they work

How can spend nuclear fuel leak from cannister and what natrual process opposes this

What are the reactants and products in a nuclear reactor

What are the reactants and products in a recycled fuel nuclear reactor

How does PUREX work (5)

How does one produce radionuclides for medicine